Infections, cardiovascular disease, and cancer are major causes of disease and death worldwide. Neutrophils are inescapably associated with each of these health concerns, by either protecting from, instigating, or aggravating their impact on the host. However, each of these disorders has a very different etiology, and understanding how neutrophils contribute to each of them requires understanding the intricacies of this immune cell type, including their immune and nonimmune contributions to physiology and pathology. Here, we review some of these intricacies, from basic concepts in neutrophil biology, such as their production and acquisition of functional diversity, to the variety of mechanisms by which they contribute to preventing or aggravating infections, cardiovascular events, and cancer. We also review poorly explored aspects of how neutrophils promote health by favoring tissue repair and discuss how discoveries about their basic biology inform the development of new therapeutic strategies.

中文翻译：

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生理学和病理学中的中性粒细胞


感染、心血管疾病和癌症是全世界疾病和死亡的主要原因。中性粒细胞不可避免地与这些健康问题相关，通过保护宿主免受、煽动或加剧它们对宿主的影响。然而，每种疾病都有非常不同的病因，要了解中性粒细胞如何对每种疾病做出贡献，需要了解这种免疫细胞类型的复杂性，包括它们对生理学和病理学的免疫和非免疫贡献。在这里，我们回顾了其中一些错综复杂的问题，从中性粒细胞生物学的基本概念，例如它们的功能多样性的产生和获得，到它们有助于预防或加重感染、心血管事件和癌症的各种机制。我们还回顾了中性粒细胞如何通过有利于组织修复来促进健康的一些方面，并讨论了其基本生物学的发现如何为新治疗策略的开发提供信息。