Inter-ethnic conflicts are commonplace worldwide, but current tourism conflict theories seldom examine disputes within a host community of diverse ethnicities. Using concepts from inter-group threat theory (ITT), contact hypothesis in social psychology and power theories, a conceptual schema for comprehending the dynamics of inter-ethnic conflicts and collaboration in tourism destinations is proposed. An ethnographic case study then follows the discussion in Malaysia's Taman Negara National Park, where I make use of the conceptual schema to analyze how the three local ethnic groups (Malays, Malaysian Chinese, and Orangasli Batek) were negotiating various types of threats, as well as the ‘conditions’ leading to inter-group conflicts. Further supported by Barth's ethnic boundary theory, the evolution of ethnic boundaries and collaborative mechanisms in a three-group situation is also evaluated. The conceptual schema and findings from Malaysia have important implications for researchers and management advice for practitioners dealing with multi-ethnic host communities in destinations worldwide.

中文翻译：

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旅游冲突与合作的跨种族解读

种族间冲突在世界范围内司空见惯，但当前的旅游冲突理论很少考察不同种族所在社区内部的争端。利用群体间威胁理论（ITT）、社会心理学中的接触假设和权力理论的概念，提出了一个理解旅游目的地种族间冲突和合作动态的概念模式。然后，在马来西亚国家公园的讨论之后进行了一项民族志案例研究，在那里我利用概念图式来分析三个当地民族（马来人、马来西亚华人和 Orangasli Batek）如何应对各种类型的威胁作为导致群体间冲突的“条件”。在巴特的族群边界理论的进一步支持下，还评估了三族情境下族群边界和协作机制的演变。马来西亚的概念模式和研究结果对于研究人员和处理世界各地目的地多民族东道社区的从业者的管理建议具有重要意义。