Throughout time, ethnoracial groups have endured a range of traumatic experiences as historically marginalized members of the United States. The consequences of these experiences have been referred to as historical trauma (HT): a collective trauma, inflicted on a group of people who share a specific identity, that has psychological, physical, and social impacts on succeeding generations. In this review, we examine the literature on HT in relation to US ethnoracial groups by defining HT, providing a background for its development, and describing critiques of the concept. We then review the literature on HT in relation to Indigenous Americans, African Americans, and Asian Americans. For each group, we address the nature of HT, the transmission of HT and its impacts, and healing strategies. We conclude with a summary of the benefits, limitations, and complexities of HT research as well as recommendations for future work in this area.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 20 is May 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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美国民族历史创伤的代际传递


长期以来，作为美国历史上被边缘化的成员，民族群体经历了一系列痛苦的经历。这些经历的后果被称为历史创伤（HT）：一种集体创伤，对具有特定身份的一群人造成，对后代产生心理、身体和社会影响。在这篇综述中，我们通过定义 HT、提供其发展背景并描述对该概念的批评，研究了与美国民族群体相关的 HT 文献。然后我们回顾了与原住民、非裔美国人和亚裔美国人有关的 HT 文献。对于每个群体，我们都会讨论 HT 的性质、HT 的传播及其影响以及治疗策略。最后，我们总结了 HT 研究的优点、局限性和复杂性，以及对该领域未来工作的建议。《临床心理学年度评论》第 20 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2024 年 5 月。请参阅 http: //www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计。