The world of smart manufacturing is continuously evolving. Since the introduction of the term “Industry 4.0” by the German government in the year 2011, different terms, technologies and approaches to foster interoperability and efficiency in smart manufacturing environments have been established. Nevertheless, the challenge is not only to integrate new equipment and to connect it to the Industrial Internet of Things. Legacy equipment still needs to be joined into automated end-to-end processes as well. This paper conducts systematic literature research to assess three areas revolving around those topics: first, the current standards, reference models and state-of-the-art approaches in the sector of smart manufacturing were evaluated. Second, the focus was laid on Open Platform Communications United Architecture (OPC UA) to check if the goal of standardization at the communication level was successful. Third, the current approaches to data modelling such as the usage of Asset Administration Shell (AAS) have been elicited. The results were summarized in tabularized form and a framework has been introduced that empowers readers to evaluate a proper approach in realizing interoperability and harmonization at the field level.

智能制造的世界正在不断发展。自德国政府于 2011 年引入“工业 4.0”一词以来，已经建立了不同的术语、技术和方法来促进智能制造环境的互操作性和效率。然而，挑战不仅在于集成新设备并将其连接到工业物联网。传统设备仍然需要加入自动化的端到端流程。本文进行了系统的文献研究，以评估围绕这些主题的三个领域：首先，评估了智能制造领域的现行标准、参考模型和最先进的方法。其次，重点关注开放平台通信联合架构（OPC UA），以检验通信层面的标准化目标是否成功。第三，引出了当前的数据建模方法，例如资产管理外壳（AAS）的使用。结果以表格形式进行了总结，并引入了一个框架，使读者能够评估在现场层面实现互操作性和协调性的正确方法。