The global expansion of the bioenergy industry raises concerns, emphasizing the need for careful evaluation and sustainable management. To facilitate this, life cycle assessments beyond greenhouse gas emissions and energy balance are essential, along with the standardization of assessment methodologies to enable meaningful comparisons. Here, we review life cycle assessment, chemical aspects, and policy implication of bioenergy production. We discuss life cycle assessment in terms of concepts, methods, impacts, greenhouse gases, land use, water consumption, bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, and techno-economic analysis. Chemical aspects comprise reaction processes and means to improve efficiency. Concerning policies, tools, and frameworks that encourage sustainable energy production are presented. We found that carbon dioxide removal ranges from 45 to 99% in various bioenergy processes. The review also emphasizes the importance of chemistry in advancing sustainable bioenergy production for a more sustainable and secure energy future.

生物能源行业的全球扩张引起了人们的关注，强调了仔细评估和可持续管理的必要性。为了实现这一目标，温室气体排放和能源平衡之外的生命周期评估至关重要，同时评估方法的标准化也有助于进行有意义的比较。在这里，我们回顾了生物能源生产的生命周期评估、化学方面和政策影响。我们从概念、方法、影响、温室气体、土地利用、水消耗、生物乙醇、生物柴油、沼气和技术经济分析等方面讨论生命周期评估。化学方面包括反应过程和提高效率的手段。介绍了鼓励可持续能源生产的政策、工具和框架。我们发现，在各种生物能源过程中，二氧化碳的去除率从 45% 到 99% 不等。该评论还强调了化学在推进可持续生物能源生产以实现更加可持续和安全的能源未来方面的重要性。