This study synthesises published research on gender relations in small-scale and community forestry to examine how gender roles, dynamics, and identities are understood in the literature. We also assess the ways in which gendered social relations can be more effectively incorporated into policies and practice. After initial screening, 140 papers were systematically reviewed. Thematic analysis revealed that gender relations have been studied in small-scale and community forestry under different approaches and to various depths but were frequently equated to women's issues. Although normative gendered roles within households and communities may persist, there are opportunities for breaking through stereotypes. Most common findings were that small-scale and community forestry increases gender equity in rural communities but can have adverse effects if women are not genuinely included in decision making. Leaving women's perspectives out of decision-making processes can be harmful to their livelihoods. Further, as women often distribute the benefits from small-scale and community forestry to households and communities, their absence in decision making is detrimental to society. Policies that promote ways to incorporate the perspectives of men and women in small-scale and community forestry can benefit from the resultant broader knowledge bases and objectives. When gender inequities are pronounced, gender-targeted approaches might be necessary. Other factors that explain social stratification, such as ethnicity and age groups, must also be taken into consideration. Small-scale and community forestry can provide opportunities to broaden the scope of livelihoods, decision making, and contribute to a more gender-equitable engagement.

中文翻译：

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审查小规模和社区林业中的性别角色、关系和观点——对政策和实践的影响

本研究综合了已发表的关于小规模和社区林业中性别关系的研究，以探讨文献中如何理解性别角色、动态和身份。我们还评估了如何将性别社会关系更有效地纳入政策和实践中。经过初步筛选，对140篇论文进行了系统评审。专题分析表明，人们在小规模和社区林业中以不同的方法和不同的深度对性别关系进行了研究，但常常被等同于妇女问题。尽管家庭和社区内规范的性别角色可能持续存在，但仍有机会打破陈规定型观念。最常见的调查结果是，小规模社区林业可以提高农村社区的性别平等，但如果妇女没有真正参与决策，可能会产生不利影响。将妇女的观点排除在决策过程之外可能会损害她们的生计。此外，由于妇女经常将小规模和社区林业的收益分配给家庭和社区，因此她们缺席决策对社会有害。促进将男性和女性的观点纳入小规模和社区林业的政策可以受益于由此产生的更广泛的知识基础和目标。当性别不平等明显时，可能需要采取针对性别的方法。还必须考虑解释社会分层的其他因素，例如种族和年龄组。小规模和社区林业可以提供扩大生计和决策范围的机会，并有助于更加性别平等的参与。