This essay documents growing partisan social uprootedness across Latin America over time, manifested in diminishing social trust toward parties, debilitation of links between parties and social collectivities, lowering levels of partisanship, and rising incidence of personalism in the electorate. It focuses on some unrecognized and undertheorized causal factors behind partisan involution in the region, putting emphasis on mutually reinforcing processes. First, it identifies forces endogenous to the traits of origin of diminished parties that foster their uprootedness and decay; second, it lays out some of the manifold ways that the weakening of political parties fuels regime malperformance, in a mutually reinforcing vicious circle; third, it outlines the existence of mutual feedback loops between political agency and structure; fourth, it identifies various agential sources of party decay. There are strong theoretical and empirical reasons to expect continued party deinstitutionalization across Latin America going forward.

中文翻译：

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为什么拉丁美洲政党不再回来

本文记录了随着时间的推移，整个拉丁美洲的党派社会根除现象日益严重，表现为社会对政党的信任不断减少、政党与社会集体之间的联系减弱、党派之争程度降低以及选民中个人主义的发生率上升。它重点关注该地区党派内卷背后一些未被认识和理论不足的因果因素，强调相互促进的过程。首先，它确定了衰落政党起源特征的内生力量，这些力量促使其连根拔起和衰落；其次，它列出了政党衰弱助长政权失职的一些多方面方式，形成相互强化的恶性循环；第三，它概述了政治机构和结构之间存在的相互反馈循环；第四，它确定了政党衰败的各种因素。有充分的理论和实证理由预计拉丁美洲的政党去机构化将会持续下去。