Primary cilia are rod-like sensory organelles that protrude from the surface of most mammalian cells, including the cells of the islet, and mounting evidence supports important roles of these structures in the regulation of beta cell function and insulin secretion. The sensory abilities of the cilium arise from local receptor activation that is coupled to intrinsic signal transduction, and ciliary signals can propagate into the cell and influence cell function. Here, we review recent advances and studies that provide insights into intra-islet cues that trigger primary cilia signalling; how second messenger signals are generated and propagated within cilia; and how ciliary signalling affects beta cell function. We also discuss the potential involvement of primary cilia and ciliary signalling in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes, identify gaps in our current understanding of islet cell cilia function and provide suggestions on how to further our understanding of this intriguing structure.

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保持同步：初级纤毛作为胰岛的指挥棒

初级纤毛是从大多数哺乳动物细胞（包括胰岛细胞）表面突出的杆状感觉细胞器，越来越多的证据支持这些结构在调节β细胞功能和胰岛素分泌中的重要作用。纤毛的感觉能力源自与内在信号转导耦合的局部受体激活，并且纤毛信号可以传播到细胞中并影响细胞功能。在这里，我们回顾了最近的进展和研究，这些进展和研究提供了对触发初级纤毛信号传导的胰岛内线索的见解；第二信使信号如何在纤毛内产生和传播；以及纤毛信号如何影响β细胞功能。我们还讨论了初级纤毛和纤毛信号传导在 2 型糖尿病发生和进展中的潜在参与，确定了我们目前对胰岛细胞纤毛功能的理解中的差距，并就如何进一步了解这一有趣的结构提供了建议。

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