OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence and predictive factors for celiac disease (CD) after a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and adolescents, to improve the current screening guidelines. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The association between sex, age at T1D diagnosis, HLA, and diabetes autoantibodies, and a diagnosis of CD was examined in 5,295 children with T1D from the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study in Sweden. RESULTS The prevalence of biopsy-proven CD was 9.8%, of which 58.2% already had a CD diagnosis before or at T1D onset. Almost all, 95.9%, were diagnosed with CD within 5 years after the T1D diagnosis. Younger age at the T1D diagnosis and being homozygote for DQ2 increased the risk of CD after T1D, but neither sex nor diabetes-related autoantibodies were associated with the risk. CONCLUSIONS Age at and time after diabetes diagnosis should be considered in screening guidelines for CD in children with T1D.

中文翻译：

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1 型糖尿病儿童乳糜泻的患病率和预测因素。筛查对象和时间？瑞典儿童全国纵向队列研究

目的 检查儿童和青少年诊断为 1 型糖尿病 (T1D) 后乳糜泻 (CD) 的患病率和预测因素，以改进当前的筛查指南。研究设计和方法 对来自瑞典更好糖尿病诊断研究的 5,295 名 T1D 儿童进行了性别、T1D 诊断年龄、HLA 和糖尿病自身抗体以及 CD 诊断之间的关联检查。结果 经活检证实的 CD 患病率为 9.8%，其中 58.2% 在 T1D 发病前或发病时已确诊为 CD。几乎所有患者（95.9%）在 T1D 诊断后 5 年内被诊断为 CD。T1D 诊断时年龄较小以及 DQ2 纯合子会增加 T1D 后患 CD 的风险，但性别和糖尿病相关自身抗体与该风险无关。结论 在 T1D 儿童 CD 筛查指南中应考虑糖尿病诊断时的年龄和时间。