The quality of the indoor thermal environment is essential because of its impact on the energy efficiency of buildings and on the health and well-being of those who occupy them. This is particularly important in educational buildings because of the direct impact on student performance. Various factors, such as natural ventilation, have become particularly relevant since COVID-19. Although this measure is no longer mandatory, its usefulness has been proven, and it is therefore interesting to evaluate it to understand its impact on thermal comfort in classrooms. In addition to ventilation, other aspects such as clothing, gender and habits can also influence the thermal perception of the occupants. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of these factors on thermal comfort in university buildings in Spain and Portugal through a campaign of measurements and questionnaires. The results showed that, according to CO concentrations, natural ventilation strategies have been maintained more in Spain than in Portugal. Also, these protocols did not have a negative effect on the thermal comfort of the occupants. On the other hand, there were significant differences between the student's responses in the two countries. In fact, Portuguese students showed warmer preferences ( = 26.40 °C) than Spanish students ( = 24.70 °C). Finally, clothing habits were a crucial factor in the perception of thermal comfort, with differences by country and by gender.

中文翻译：

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大学生热舒适度影响因素分析 西班牙与葡萄牙的比较研究

室内热环境的质量至关重要，因为它影响建筑物的能源效率以及居住者的健康和福祉。这在教育建筑中尤其重要，因为它直接影响学生的表现。自 COVID-19 以来，自然通风等各种因素变得尤为重要。尽管该措施不再是强制性的，但其有用性已被证明，因此对其进行评估以了解其对教室热舒适性的影响是很有趣的。除了通风之外，服装、性别和习惯等其他方面也会影响居住者的热感知。因此，本研究通过一系列测量和问卷调查调查了这些因素对西班牙和葡萄牙大学建筑热舒适性的影响。结果显示，根据二氧化碳浓度，西班牙比葡萄牙更能维持自然通风策略。此外，这些协议不会对居住者的热舒适度产生负面影响。另一方面，两国学生的反应也存在显着差异。事实上，葡萄牙学生表现出比西班牙学生 (= 24.70 °C) 更温暖的偏好 (= 26.40 °C)。最后，服装习惯是影响热舒适感的关键因素，不同国家和性别之间存在差异。