Evolution has created complex mechanisms to sense environmental danger and protect tissues, with the nervous and immune systems playing pivotal roles. These systems work together, coordinating local and systemic reflexes to restore homeostasis in response to tissue injury and infection. By sharing receptors and ligands, they influence the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recently, a less explored aspect of neuro-immune communication has emerged: the release of neuropeptides from immune cells and cytokines/chemokines from sensory neurons. This paper reviews evidence of this unique neuro-immune interplay and its impact on the development of allergy, inflammation, itch, and pain. We highlight the effects of this neuro-immune signaling on vital processes such as host defense, tissue repair, and inflammation resolution, providing avenues for exploration of the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential of this signaling.

中文翻译：

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探索混合神经免疫信号传导的模糊路径

进化创造了复杂的机制来感知环境危险并保护组织，其中神经系统和免疫系统发挥着关键作用。这些系统协同工作，协调局部和全身反射，以恢复体内平衡以应对组织损伤和感染。通过共享受体和配体，它们影响各种疾病的发病机制。最近，出现了神经免疫通讯的一个较少被探索的方面：免疫细胞释放神经肽和感觉神经元释放细胞因子/趋化因子。本文回顾了这种独特的神经免疫相互作用的证据及其对过敏、炎症、瘙痒和疼痛发展的影响。我们强调这种神经免疫信号传导对宿主防御、组织修复和炎症消退等重要过程的影响，为探索这种信号传导的潜在机制和治疗潜力提供了途径。