The Grand Canyon provides a deeply dissected view of the aquifers of the Colorado Plateau and its public and tribal lands. Stacked sandstone and karst aquifers are vertically connected by a network of faults and breccia pipes creating a complex groundwater network. Hydrochemical variations define structurally controlled groundwater sub-basins, each with main discharging springs. North Rim (N-Rim), South Rim (S-Rim), and far-west springs have different stable isotope fingerprints, reflecting different mean recharge elevations. Variation within each region reflects proportions of fast/slow aquifer pathways. Often considered perched, the upper Coconino (C) aquifer has a similar compositional range as the regional Redwall-Muav (R-M) karst aquifer, indicating connectivity. Natural and anthropogenic tracers show that recharge can travel 2 km vertically and tens of kilometers laterally in days to months via fracture conduits to mix with older karst baseflow. Six decades of piping N-Rim water to S-Rim Village and infiltration of effluent along the Bright Angel fault have sustained S-Rim groundwaters and likely induced S-Rim microseismicity. Sustainable groundwater management and uranium mining threats require better monitoring and application of hydrotectonic concepts. ▪ Hydrotectonic concepts include distinct structural sub-basins, fault fast conduits, confined aquifers, karst aquifers, upwelling geothermal fluids, and induced seismicity. ▪ N-Rim, S-Rim, and far-west springs have different stable isotope fingerprints reflecting different mean recharge elevations and residence times. ▪ The upper C and lower R-M aquifers have overlapping stable isotope fingerprints in a given region, indicating vertical connectively between aquifers. ▪ S-Rim springs and groundwater wells are being sustained by ∼60 years of piping of N-Rim water to S-Rim, also inducing seismicity.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Volume 52 is May 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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大峡谷地下水水文构造


大峡谷提供了科罗拉多高原含水层及其公共和部落土地的深入剖析视图。堆积的砂岩和岩溶含水层通过断层网络和角砾岩管道垂直连接，形成复杂的地下水网络。水化学变化定义了结构控制的地下水子流域，每个子流域都有主要的排泄泉水。北缘（N-Rim）、南缘（S-Rim）和远西泉水具有不同的稳定同位素指纹，反映了不同的平均补给高度。每个区域内的变化反映了快/慢含水层路径的比例。通常被认为是栖息的，上部 Coconino (C) 含水层与区域 Redwall-Muav (R-M) 喀斯特含水层具有相似的成分范围，表明连通性。自然和人为示踪剂显示，补给可以在几天到几个月内通过裂缝管道垂直移动 2 公里，横向移动数十公里，与较早的岩溶基流混合。六十年来，北环地区的水通过管道输送到南环地区的村庄，污水沿光明天使断层渗透，维持了南环地区的地下水，并可能引发了南环地区的微震。可持续地下水管理和铀矿开采威胁需要更好地监测和应用水文构造概念。 ▪ 水文构造概念包括独特的构造子盆地、断层快速通道、承压含水层、岩溶含水层、上涌地热流体和诱发地震活动。 ▪ 北环、南环和远西泉水具有不同的稳定同位素指纹，反映了不同的平均补给高度和停留时间。 ▪ 上部C 和下部R-M 含水层在给定区域具有重叠的稳定同位素指纹，表明含水层之间存在垂直连接。 ▪ S 环泉水和地下水井由 N 环水输送至 S 环约 60 年，同时也引发地震活动。《地球与行星科学年度评论》第 52 卷预计最终在线出版日期为 5 月2024 年。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计。