The problem of multiple cracks originating at free surface (surface damage) in an anisotropic material is considered. We focus on the effect of material anisotropy on the mechanics of crack interactions – in particular, on the suppressing effect of interactions on crack nucleation and growth under the tensile loading (stress shielding). Importantly, this effect may change to the opposite one of enhancement, under the shear loading. These effects strongly depend on the material anisotropy. Calculations were performed for the orthotropic materials and the effect of anisotropy was examined by case studies of specific configurations that included comparison with the case of the isotropic material.

中文翻译：

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材料各向异性对表面损伤力学的影响

考虑了各向异性材料中源自自由表面（表面损伤）的多个裂纹的问题。我们关注材料各向异性对裂纹相互作用力学的影响，特别是在拉伸载荷（应力屏蔽）下相互作用对裂纹成核和扩展的抑制作用。重要的是，在剪切载荷作用下，这种效应可能会转变为与增强相反的效应。这些效应很大程度上取决于材料的各向异性。对正交各向异性材料进行了计算，并通过特定配置的案例研究（包括与各向同性材料的情况进行比较）来检查各向异性的影响。