Micro/nanorobots hold exciting prospects for biomedical and even clinical applications due to their small size and high controllability. However, it is still a big challenge to maneuver micro/nanorobots into narrow spaces with high deformability and adaptability to perform complicated biomedical tasks. Here, we report a light-controlled soft bio-microrobots (called “Ebot”) based on Euglena gracilis that are capable of performing multiple tasks in narrow microenvironments including intestinal mucosa with high controllability, deformability and adaptability. The motion of the Ebot can be precisely navigated via light-controlled polygonal flagellum beating. Moreover, the Ebot shows highly controlled deformability with different light illumination duration, which allows it to pass through narrow and curved microchannels with high adaptability. With these features, Ebots are able to execute multiple tasks, such as targeted drug delivery, selective removal of diseased cells in intestinal mucosa, as well as photodynamic therapy. This light-controlled Ebot provides a new bio-microrobotic tool, with many new possibilities for biomedical task execution in narrow and complicated spaces where conventional tools are difficult to access due to the lack of deformability and bio-adaptability.

微纳米机器人由于其体积小、可控性高等特点，在生物医学甚至临床应用中具有令人兴奋的前景。然而，将微纳米机器人操纵到狭窄的空间并具有高变形性和适应性以执行复杂的生物医学任务仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在这里，我们报道了一种基于眼虫的光控软生物微型机器人（称为“Ebot”），它能够在包括肠粘膜在内的狭窄微环境中执行多项任务，具有高度的可控性、可变形性和适应性。Ebot 的运动可以通过光控的多边形鞭毛的跳动来精确导航。此外，Ebot在不同的光照持续时间下表现出高度受控的变形能力，这使得它能够以高适应性通过狭窄和弯曲的微通道。凭借这些功能，Ebot 能够执行多项任务，例如靶向药物输送、选择性去除肠粘膜中的病变细胞以及光动力治疗。这种光控Ebot提供了一种新的生物微型机器人工具，为在狭窄而复杂的空间中执行生物医学任务提供了许多新的可能性，在这些空间中，传统工具由于缺乏变形性和生物适应性而难以接近。