Outbreaks and spread of infectious diseases are often associated with seasonality and environmental changes, including global warming. Free‐living stages of soil‐transmitted helminths are highly susceptible to climatic drivers; however, how multiple climatic variables affect helminth species, and the long‐term consequences of these interactions, is poorly understood. We used experiments on nine trichostrongylid species of herbivores to develop a temperature‐ and humidity‐dependent model of infection hazard, which was then implemented at the European scale under climate change scenarios. Intestinal and stomach helminths exhibited contrasting climatic responses, with the former group strongly affected by temperature while the latter primarily impacted by humidity. Among the demographic traits, larval survival heavily modulated the infection hazard. According to the specific climatic responses of the two groups, climate change is expected to generate differences in the seasonal and spatial shifts of the infection hazard and group co‐circulation. In the future, an intensification of these trends could create new opportunities for species range expansion and co‐occurrence at European central‐northern latitudes.

中文翻译：

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蠕虫的生态要求影响气候变化对感染危害的影响

传染病的爆发和传播通常与季节性和环境变化（包括全球变暖）有关。土源性蠕虫的自由生活阶段极易受到气候驱动因素的影响；然而，多种气候变量如何影响蠕虫物种，以及这些相互作用的长期后果，人们知之甚少。我们对九种食草动物毛圆线虫进行了实验，开发了一个依赖于温度和湿度的感染危害模型，然后在气候变化情景下在欧洲范围内实施。肠道和胃部蠕虫表现出截然不同的气候反应，前者受温度影响很大，而后者主要受湿度影响。在人口特征中，幼虫存活率很大程度上影响了感染风险。根据两个群体的具体气候反应，气候变化预计会导致感染危害和群体共循环的季节和空间变化产生差异。未来，这些趋势的加剧可能为欧洲中北纬地区的物种范围扩大和共现创造新的机会。