Marine pollution by various debris is rising in the context of increasing urbanization, industrialization and worldwide trade. Here, we review marine macro-litter with focus on sources, abundance, distribution, and impact on aquatic wildlife, human health, and the economy. We observe that about 75–80% of marine litter originates from land-based sources, including poorly managed landfills and improper disposal. Macro-litter ingestion by marine life is of growing concern, in particular concerning the presence of plastics and associated pollutants, e.g., bisphenol A and phthalates, in fishes. These pollutants are accumulated and transferred to human via seafood. Marine plastic pollution induces a substantial rise of economic costs due to the decline of ecosystem services. Mitigation of marine plastic pollution should be done by following the ten Rs principles of refuse, rethink, reduce, re-use, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurpose, recycle, and recover.

随着城市化、工业化和全球贸易的不断发展，各种垃圾造成的海洋污染日益严重。在这里，我们回顾海洋宏观垃圾，重点关注来源、丰度、分布以及对水生野生动物、人类健康和经济的影响。我们观察到，约 75-80% 的海洋垃圾来自陆地来源，包括管理不善的垃圾填埋场和不当处置。海洋生物摄入的大型垃圾日益受到关注，特别是鱼类中存在塑料和相关污染物，例如双酚A和邻苯二甲酸盐。这些污染物通过海鲜积累并转移给人类。海洋塑料污染导致生态系统服务下降，导致经济成本大幅上升。减轻海洋塑料污染应遵循十卢比原则：拒绝、重新思考、减少、再利用、修理、翻新、再制造、重新利用、回收和恢复。