SummaryP/TGMS (Photo/thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile) lines are crucial resources for two‐line hybrid rice breeding. Previous studies revealed that slow development is a general mechanism for sterility–fertility conversion of P/TGMS in Arabidopsis. However, the difference in P/TGMS genes between rice and Arabidopsis suggests the presence of a distinct P/TGMS mechanism in rice. In this study, we isolated a novel P/TGMS line, ostms19, which shows sterility under high‐temperature conditions and fertility under low‐temperature conditions. OsTMS19 encodes a novel pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein essential for pollen formation, in which a point mutation GTA(Val) to GCA(Ala) leads to ostms19 P/TGMS phenotype. It is highly expressed in the tapetum and localized to mitochondria. Under high temperature or long‐day photoperiod conditions, excessive ROS accumulation in ostms19 anthers during pollen mitosis disrupts gene expression and intine formation, causing male sterility. Conversely, under low temperature or short‐day photoperiod conditions, ROS can be effectively scavenged in anthers, resulting in fertility restoration. This indicates that ROS homeostasis is critical for fertility conversion. This relationship between ROS homeostasis and fertility conversion has also been observed in other tested rice P/TGMS lines. Therefore, we propose that ROS homeostasis is a general mechanism for the sterility–fertility conversion of rice P/TGMS lines.

中文翻译：

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温度和光通过活性氧稳态逆转水稻 P/TGMS 品系 ostms19 的育性

摘要P/TGMS（光/热敏基因雄性不育）品系是双系杂交水稻育种的重要资源。先前的研究表明，缓慢发育是拟南芥中 P/TGMS 不育-可育转化的一般机制。然而，水稻和拟南芥之间 P/TGMS 基因的差异表明水稻中存在独特的 P/TGMS 机制。在这项研究中，我们分离出了一种新型的 P/TGMS 系，OSTMS19，在高温条件下表现出不育性，在低温条件下表现出育性。骨TMS19编码花粉形成所必需的新型五肽重复（PPR）蛋白，其中 GTA（Val）到 GCA（Ala）的点突变导致OSTMS19P/TGMS 表型。它在绒毡层中高度表达并定位于线粒体。在高温或长日照光周期条件下，细胞内ROS积累过多OSTMS19花粉有丝分裂期间的花药会破坏基因表达和内壁形成，导致雄性不育。相反，在低温或短日照光周期条件下，ROS可以在花药中被有效清除，从而导致育性恢复。这表明 ROS 稳态对于生育力转化至关重要。ROS 稳态与育性转化之间的这种关系也在其他测试的水稻 P/TGMS 品系中观察到。因此，我们认为ROS稳态是水稻P/TGMS品系不育-可育转化的一般机制。