Background Dementia often results in postural control impairment, which could signify central nervous system dysfunction. However, no studies have compared postural control characteristics among various types of dementia. This study aimed to compare static postural control in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and vascular dementia (VaD). Methods Cross-sectional relationship between the clinical diagnoses (AD, DLB, VaD, or normal cognition [NC]) of outpatients at a memory clinic and their upright postural control characteristics were examined. In the postural control test, participants were instructed to maintain a static upright standing on a stabilometer for 60 seconds under the eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Forty postural control parameters, including distance, position, and velocity in the anterior–posterior and medio–lateral directions, derived from the trajectory of the center of mass sway, were calculated. The characteristics of each type of dementia were compared to those of NC, and the differences among the three types of dementia were evaluated using linear regression models. Results The study included 1789 participants (1206 with AD, 111 with DLB, 49 with VaD, and 423 with NC). Patients with AD exhibited distinct postural control characteristics, particularly in some distance and velocity parameters, only in the eyes-closed condition. Those with DLB exhibited features in the mean position in the anterior–posterior direction. In patients with VaD, significant differences were observed in most parameters, except power spectrum. Conclusions Patients with AD, DLB and VaD display disease-specific postural control characteristics when compared to cognitively normal individuals.

中文翻译：

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阿尔茨海默病、路易体痴呆和血管性痴呆的姿势控制特征

背景痴呆症通常会导致姿势控制障碍，这可能意味着中枢神经系统功能障碍。然而，没有研究比较不同类型痴呆症的姿势控制特征。本研究旨在比较阿尔茨海默病 (AD)、路易体痴呆 (DLB) 和血管性痴呆 (VaD) 患者的静态姿势控制。方法 对记忆诊所门诊患者的临床诊断（AD、DLB、VaD 或正常认知 [NC]）与其直立姿势控制特征之间的横断面关系进行检查。在姿势控制测试中，参与者被要求在睁眼和闭眼条件下在稳定仪上保持静态直立60秒。计算了从质心摇摆轨迹得出的四十个姿势控制参数，包括前后和内外方向的距离、位置和速度。将每种类型痴呆的特征与 NC 进行比较，并使用线性回归模型评估三种类型痴呆之间的差异。结果 该研究包括 1789 名参与者（1206 名 AD 患者、111 名 DLB 患者、49 名 VaD 患者和 423 名 NC 患者）。AD 患者仅在闭眼状态下表现出明显的姿势控制特征，特别是在某些距离和速度参数方面。患有DLB的人表现出前后方向平均位置的特征。在 VaD 患者中，除功率谱外，大多数参数均观察到显着差异。结论 与认知正常个体相比，AD、DLB 和 VaD 患者表现出疾病特异性的姿势控制特征。