Bacteria-based therapy has spotlighted an unprecedented potential in treating a range of diseases, given that bacteria can be used as both drug vehicles and therapeutic agents. However, the use of bacteria for disease treatment often suffers from unsatisfactory outcomes, due largely to their suboptimal bioavailability, dose-dependent toxicity, and low targeting colonization. In the past few years, substantial efforts have been devoted to tackling these difficulties, among which methods capable of integrating bacteria with multiple functions have been extensively pursued. Different from conventional genetic engineering and modern synthetic bioengineering, surface modification of bacteria has emerged as a simple yet flexible strategy to introduce different functional motifs. Polydopamine, which can be easily formed via in situ dopamine oxidation and self-polymerization, is an appealing biomimetic polymer that has been widely applied for interfacial modification and functionalization. By virtue of its catechol groups, polydopamine can be efficiently codeposited with a multitude of functional elements on diverse surfaces.

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多巴胺聚合介导的表面功能化促进先进细菌治疗

鉴于细菌既可以用作药物载体，也可以用作治疗剂，基于细菌的疗法在治疗一系列疾病方面展现出前所未有的潜力。然而，使用细菌治疗疾病往往效果不理想，这主要是由于它们的生物利用度欠佳、剂量依赖性毒性和低靶向定植。在过去的几年里，人们付出了大量的努力来解决这些困难，其中能够整合具有多种功能的细菌的方法得到了广泛的探索。与传统的基因工程和现代合成生物工程不同，细菌的表面修饰已成为引入不同功能基序的简单而灵活的策略。聚多巴胺可以通过原位多巴胺氧化和自聚合轻松形成，是一种有吸引力的仿生聚合物，已广泛应用于界面改性和功能化。凭借其儿茶酚基团，聚多巴胺可以与多种功能元素有效地共沉积在不同的表面上。