Long‐term (press) disturbances like the climate crisis and other anthropogenic pressures are fundamentally altering ecosystems and their functions. Many critical ecosystem functions, such as biogeochemical cycling, are facilitated by microbial communities. Understanding the functional consequences of microbiome responses to press disturbances requires ongoing observations of the active populations that contribute to functions. This study leverages a 7‐year time series of a 60‐year‐old coal seam fire (Centralia, Pennsylvania, USA) to examine the resilience of soil bacterial microbiomes to a press disturbance. Using 16S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we assessed the interannual dynamics of the active subset and the ‘whole’ bacterial community. Contrary to our hypothesis, the whole communities demonstrated greater resilience than active subsets, suggesting that inactive members contributed to overall structural resilience. Thus, in addition to selection mechanisms of active populations, perceived microbiome resilience is also supported by mechanisms of dispersal, persistence, and revival from the local dormant pool.

中文翻译：

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到达并等待：经过数十年的压力干扰后，不活跃的细菌类群有助于感知土壤微生物组的恢复力

气候危机和其他人为压力等长期（压力）干扰正在从根本上改变生态系统及其功能。许多关键的生态系统功能，例如生物地球化学循环，都是由微生物群落促进的。了解微生物组对压力干扰的反应的功能后果需要对有助于功能的活跃群体进行持续观察。本研究利用 60 年历史的煤层火灾（美国宾夕法尼亚州森特勒利亚）的 7 年时间序列来检查土壤细菌微生物组对压力干扰的恢复能力。使用 16S rRNA 和 16S rRNA 基因扩增子测序，我们评估了活跃亚群和“整个”细菌群落的年际动态。与我们的假设相反，整个社区表现出比活跃子集更大的弹性，这表明不活跃的成员有助于整体结构弹性。因此，除了活跃种群的选择机制之外，感知的微生物组恢复力还受到当地休眠池的扩散、持久性和复活机制的支持。