This study investigated associations of the Incredible Years (IY) parenting program with children's DNA methylation. Participants were 289 Dutch children aged 3–9 years (75% European ancestry, 48% female) with above‐average conduct problems. Saliva was collected 2.5 years after families were randomized to IY or care as usual (CAU). Using an intention‐to‐treat approach, confirmatory multiple‐regression analyses revealed no significant differences between the IY and CAU groups in children's methylation levels at the NR3C1 and FKBP5 genes. However, exploratory epigenome‐wide analyses revealed nine differentially methylated regions between groups, coinciding with SLAMF1, MITF, FAM200B, PSD3, SNX31, and CELSR1. The study provides preliminary evidence for associations of IY with children's salivary methylation levels and highlights the need for further research into biological outcomes of parenting programs.

中文翻译：

---

针对儿童行为问题的养育计划后 DNA 甲基化变化：随机对照试验的结果

这项研究调查了不可思议的岁月 (IY) 育儿计划与儿童 DNA 甲基化的关联。参与者是 289 名 3-9 岁的荷兰儿童（75% 欧洲血统，48% 女性），行为问题高于平均水平。在家庭被随机分配到 IY 或照常护理 (CAU) 组 2.5 年后收集唾液。使用意向治疗方法，验证性多重回归分析显示，IY 组和 CAU 组儿童 NR3C1 和 FKBP5 基因甲基化水平没有显着差异。然而，探索性表观基因组范围的分析揭示了组间九个差异甲基化区域，与SLAMF1,麻省理工学院,FAM200B,PSD3,SNX31， 和CELSR1。该研究为 IY 与儿童唾液甲基化水平的关联提供了初步证据，并强调需要进一步研究育儿计划的生物学结果。