Urban residential development is expanding globally to accommodate increasing housing demand, greatly impacting biodiversity and human wellbeing. Enhanced sustainability of these developments requires an integrated approach to conserving, supporting, and restoring biodiversity through the built environment and understanding the implications of residential development policies, regulations, and guidelines. This paper details a review of current New Zealand policies, strategies, planning documents, and design guidelines that inform urban design and planning at national, regional, and local levels. Three major gaps in biodiversity considerations and opportunities for improvement in residential developments were identified. Firstly, current policies and strategies tend to protect significant indigenous habitats, but the interventions required to improve or retain biodiversity in residential developments are not explicitly considered. Secondly, there is a need for design guidelines with explicit biodiversity outcomes. Thirdly, existing planning documents and guidelines do not account for biodiversity monitoring and management and could be amended to include biodiversity-related outcomes. We conclude that current New Zealand policies and strategies related to residential developments are inadequate and fail to recognise or encourage the enhancement of urban biodiversity in any meaningful way. Holistic and strategic ecosystem-based approaches are required to protect and enhance urban biodiversity and human wellbeing through the built environment to ensure that biodiversity continues to thrive in New Zealand cities and enrich the lives of urban residents.

中文翻译：

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生物多样性住宅开发：新西兰城市生物多样性政策和战略回顾

为了满足日益增长的住房需求，城市住宅开发正在全球范围内扩张，这极大地影响了生物多样性和人类福祉。要增强这些开发的可持续性，需要采取综合方法，通过建筑环境保护、支持和恢复生物多样性，并了解住宅开发政策、法规和指南的影响。本文详细回顾了新西兰当前的政策、战略、规划文件和设计指南，这些政策、战略、规划文件和设计指南为国家、地区和地方各级的城市设计和规划提供了信息。确定了住宅开发中生物多样性考虑因素和改进机会方面的三个主要差距。首先，当前的政策和战略倾向于保护重要的土著栖息地，但没有明确考虑改善或保留住宅开发中生物多样性所需的干预措施。其次，需要制定具有明确生物多样性成果的设计指南。第三，现有的规划文件和指南没有考虑生物多样性监测和管理，可以进行修改以纳入与生物多样性相关的成果。我们的结论是，新西兰目前与住宅开发相关的政策和战略是不够的，并且未能认识到或鼓励以任何有意义的方式增强城市生物多样性。需要采取基于生态系统的整体战略方法，通过建筑环境保护和增强城市生物多样性和人类福祉，以确保生物多样性在新西兰城市中持续繁荣并丰富城市居民的生活。