In recent decades, winter Arctic sea-ice concentration (SIC) has experienced a most prominent decline over Barents-Kara Seas (BKS). However, what regulates the time scale and spatial structure of the SIC variability over the Eurasian Arctic is unclear. Here, we find that the SIC variability over the Eurasian Arctic exhibits two major modes: decadal dipole mode with antiphase variation between the BKS and East Greenland (EG), and interannual monopole mode with in-phase variation between the BKS and EG. This decadal mode mainly results from interdecadal changes in ocean heat transports (OHTs) through Barents Sea Opening (BSO) and EG, lagging the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation by 7–16 years. The positive SIC dipole mode with a decrease over the BKS and an increase over the EG is also tied to the negative Arctic Oscillation comprised of Ural blocking and the negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). However, the SIC loss of the interannual monopole mode mainly stems from the positive Arctic dipole comprised of Ural blocking and positive NAO through interannual changes in the BSO OHT and atmospheric moisture or heat transport. We further highlight that interannual atmospheric transports and BSO OHT associated with the Arctic dipole contribute to ~66% and ~34% of the interannual variability of the Eurasian Arctic SIC during 1960-2017, respectively. On decadal timescales, the relative contributions of atmospheric transports associated with Arctic Oscillation and OHT to the Eurasian Arctic SIC variability are ~19% and ~81%, respectively. Especially, the contribution of decadal atmospheric transports is significantly intensified during 2000–2017.

近几十年来，冬季北极海冰浓度（SIC）在巴伦支海-喀拉海（BKS）上经历了最显着的下降。然而，是什么调节了欧亚北极地区 SIC 变化的时间尺度和空间结构尚不清楚。在这里，我们发现欧亚北极地区的SIC变化表现出两种主要模式：BKS和东格陵兰（EG）之间具有反相变化的年代际偶极子模式，以及BKS和EG之间具有同相变化的年际单极子模式。这种年代际模式主要是由于通过巴伦支海开口（BSO）和EG的海洋热传输（OHT）的年代际变化造成的，比大西洋多层振荡滞后7-16年。正 SIC 偶极子模式（BKS 上减少且 EG 上增加）也与由乌拉尔阻塞和负北大西洋涛动 (NAO) 组成的负北极涛动有关。然而，年际单极子模式的SIC损失主要源于由乌拉尔阻塞和正NAO组成的正北极偶极子，通过BSO OHT和大气水分或热量传输的年际变化。我们进一步强调，与北极偶极子相关的年际大气输送和 BSO OHT 分别对 1960-2017 年间欧亚北极 SIC 年际变化贡献了约 66% 和约 34%。在十年时间尺度上，与北极涛动和 OHT 相关的大气输送对欧亚北极 SIC 变化的相对贡献分别约为 19% 和 81%。特别是2000-2017年间十年间大气输送的贡献显着增强。