Since the discovery of electrochemical coloration phenomenon, electrochromic devices capable of monitoring transmittance, reflectance, and absorption at designated wavelengths have embraced great achievements. The marriage of electrochemistry and optical modulation has infused fascinating properties in electrochromic devices, which find applications in thermal management, display, smart windows, and camouflage. Inspired by the multipronged advancements in electrochemical devices, the incorporation of multivalent metal ions having rich electrochemistry into electrochromic devices is bloomed in recent years. Zinc, distinguished by its high crustal abundance, suitable standard redox potential, and inherent safety, has facilitated the assembly of highly efficient electrochromic devices. Zinc anode-based electrochromic devices with dual-band (visible and near-infrared) tunability, energy retrieval functions, multi-color options, multiple working modes (transmittance mode and reflectance mode), and scalability have been prominently showcased. Here in this review, the birth of zinc anode-based electrochromic devices will be systematically narrated, starting from the discovery of electrochromic phenomenon, to the evolution of electrochromic devices, and to the latest achievements in zinc anode-based electrochromic devices. Additionally, this review delves into the future development trends and perspectives of zinc anode-based electrochromic devices. This review serves as a handbook, which summarizes the history of electrochromism, introduces the physics behind it, highlights the development in zinc anode-based electrochromic devices, and aims to inspire future endeavors into this field, particularly those focused on developing energy-efficient electrochromic devices.

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锌阳极电致变色器件的诞生

自从发现电化学着色现象以来，能够监测指定波长下的透射率、反射率和吸收率的电致变色器件取得了巨大的成就。电化学和光学调制的结合为电致变色器件注入了令人着迷的特性，这些器件在热管理、显示、智能窗户和伪装方面都有应用。受电化学器件多方面进步的启发，近年来，将具有丰富电化学性质的多价金属离子引入电致变色器件中蓬勃发展。锌以其高地壳丰度、合适的标准氧化还原电位和固有的安全性而著称，促进了高效电致变色器件的组装。重点展示了具有双波段（可见光和近红外）可调性、能量回收功能、多颜色选项、多种工作模式（透射模式和反射模式）和可扩展性的锌阳极电致变色器件。本文将从电致变色现象的发现开始，到电致变色器件的演变，再到锌阳极电致变色器件的最新成果，系统地讲述锌阳极电致变色器件的诞生。此外，本文还深入探讨了锌阳极电致变色器件的未来发展趋势和前景。这篇综述作为一本手册，总结了电致变色的历史，介绍了其背后的物理原理，重点介绍了基于锌阳极的电致变色器件的发展，旨在启发该领域的未来努力，特别是那些专注于开发节能电致变色器件的人设备。