High-performance porous polyimide (PI) monoliths, including PI aerogels, sponges, and foams, have become one of the hotspots in both researching and applications due to their superior properties such as high porosity, outstanding mechanical and thermal stability, low dielectric constant and thermal conductivity. Up to now, various fabricating methods and applicating situations for PI porous monolith materials have been reported. From the viewpoint of molecular chemistry, porous structure construction, as well as the functional modification, the property optimization and adjustment are feasible, endowing PI monoliths with promising potential for different practical applications ( sensors, low-k materials, thermal management, energy field and utilization, absorption and filtration, photonic utilization, etc.). In this review, the recent progress of porous PI monoliths was summarized in detail based on the fabrication methods, functional modifications, as well as multi-functional applications. Besides, the future perspectives of this field were also provided for reference. Apart from presenting an overview of progress made in the field of PI porous monoliths, this review could also be meaningful for those researching topics which have similarity within.

中文翻译：

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聚酰亚胺多孔整体材料：合成、改性和应用

高性能多孔聚酰亚胺（PI）整体材料，包括PI气凝胶、海绵和泡沫，由于其具有高孔隙率、优异的机械和热稳定性、低介电常数和低介电常数等优异性能，已成为研究和应用的热点之一。导热系数。目前，PI多孔整体材料的制备方法和应用场合已有多种报道。从分子化学、多孔结构构建以及功能修饰的角度来看，性能优化和调整是可行的，赋予PI整体材料在不同实际应用（传感器、低k材料、热管理、能源领域和利用、吸收和过滤、光子利用等）。本文从多孔PI整体材料的制备方法、功能修饰以及多功能应用等方面详细总结了多孔PI整体材料的最新进展。此外，还对该领域的未来前景进行了展望，以供参考。除了概述 PI 多孔整体材料领域取得的进展外，这篇综述对于那些具有相似性的研究主题也有意义。