The Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes that occurred on 6 February 2023 resulted in extensive structural failures, including damages caused by soil liquefaction. This study focused on investigating the excessive settlements observed in buildings along Ataturk Boulevard in the Golbasi district, with a primary emphasis on the toppling failure of the Kayı Apartment. Field exploration, laboratory testing, and bearing capacity analyses were conducted to understand the failure mechanism. Since the foundation soil of Kayı Apartment predominantly consisted of clay, soil liquefaction alone could not explain the observed failure. Instead, the cyclic softening of clayey soil underground shaking was identified as a significant factor contributing to the damage. As one of the rare case histories documenting a failure caused by cyclic softening, the results of the study also shed light on the excessive displacements observed in nearby buildings with fewer stories that managed to withstand the earthquake without experiencing complete bearing capacity failure.

中文翻译：

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2023 年卡赫拉曼马拉什地震期间粘土循环软化引起的地基破坏案例研究

2023 年 2 月 6 日发生的卡赫拉曼马拉什地震导致广泛的结构破坏，包括土壤液化造成的损坏。这项研究的重点是调查戈尔巴西区阿塔图尔克大道沿线建筑物中观察到的过度沉降，主要重点是卡伊公寓的倒塌失败。进行了现场勘探、实验室测试和承载力分析，以了解失效机制。由于 Kayı 公寓的地基土壤主要由粘土组成，因此仅靠土壤液化无法解释所观察到的破坏。相反，地下粘土的周期性软化被认为是造成损害的一个重要因素。作为记录周期性软化引起的失效的罕见案例之一，该研究的结果还揭示了在附近楼层较少的建筑物中观察到的过度位移，这些建筑物能够承受地震而没有经历完全的承载力失效。