In recent years, the issues of global warming and CO₂ emission reduction have garnered increasing global attention. In the 21st Conference of the Parties (convened in Paris in 2015), 179 nations and the European Union signed a pivotal agreement to limit the global temperature increase of this century to well below 2 K above preindustrial levels. To fulfill this objective, extensive research has been conducted to use renewable energy sources as potential replacements for traditional fossil fuels. Among them, the production of hydrocarbon transportation fuels from CO₂-neutral and renewable biomass has proven to be a particularly promising solution due to its compatibility with existing infrastructure. This review systematically summarizes research progress in the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbon biofuels from lignocellulose during the past two decades. Based on the chemical structure (including n-paraffins, iso-paraffins, aromatics, and cycloalkanes) of hydrocarbon transportation fuels, the synthesis pathways of these biofuels are discussed in four separate sections. Furthermore, this review proposes three guiding principles for the design of practical hydrocarbon biofuels, providing insights into future directions for the development of viable biomass-derived liquid fuels.

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利用木质纤维素及其衍生物在多相催化剂上生产可再生碳氢化合物生物燃料

近年来，全球变暖和CO ₂减排问题日益受到全球关注。在第 21 届缔约方会议（2015 年在巴黎召开）上，179 个国家和欧盟签署了一项关键协议，将本世纪全球气温升高限制在远低于工业化前水平 2 K 的范围内。为了实现这一目标，人们进行了广泛的研究，以利用可再生能源作为传统化石燃料的潜在替代品。其中，利用CO ₂中性和可再生生物质生产碳氢化合物运输燃料由于其与现有基础设施的兼容性而被证明是特别有前途的解决方案。本文系统总结了近二十年来木质纤维素合成液态烃生物燃料的研究进展。根据碳氢化合物运输燃料的化学结构（包括正构烷烃、异构烷烃、芳烃和环烷烃），这些生物燃料的合成途径分四个单独的部分进行讨论。此外，本综述提出了实用碳氢化合物生物燃料设计的三项指导原则，为可行的生物质衍生液体燃料的开发未来方向提供了见解。