The growth of plants, algae and cyanobacteria relies on the catalytic activity of the oxygen-evolving photosystem two (PSII) complex which uses solar energy to extract electrons from water to feed into the photosynthetic electron transport chain. PSII is proving to be an excellent system to study how large multi-subunit membrane-protein complexes are assembled in the thylakoid membrane and subsequently repaired in response to photooxidative damage. Here we summarize recent developments in understanding the biogenesis of PSII, with an emphasis on recent insights obtained from biochemical and structural analysis of cyanobacterial PSII assembly/repair intermediates. We also discuss how chlorophyll synthesis is synchronized with protein synthesis and suggest a possible role for photosystem I in PSII assembly. Special attention is paid to unresolved and controversial issues that could be addressed in future research.

中文翻译：

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光系统 II 的生物发生和维持：最新进展和当前挑战

植物、藻类和蓝细菌的生长依赖于释氧光系统二（PSII）复合体的催化活性，该复合体利用太阳能从水中提取电子以馈入光合电子传输链。PSII 被证明是一个优秀的系统，可用于研究大型多亚基膜蛋白复合物如何在类囊体膜中组装，并随后响应光氧化损伤进行修复。在这里，我们总结了理解 PSII 生物发生的最新进展，重点是从蓝藻 PSII 组装/修复中间体的生化和结构分析中获得的最新见解。我们还讨论了叶绿素合成如何与蛋白质合成同步，并提出了光系统 I 在 PSII 组装中的可能作用。特别关注未来研究中可能解决的未解决和有争议的问题。