In recent years, the widespread adoption of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has increased significantly, sparking the need for reliable mechanisms to verify the authenticity, origin, and history of their constituent components. However, the lack of secure and trusted evidence for traceability, attestation, and certification of these components poses alarming challenges in ensuring transparency, data integrity, and authenticity. In this paper, we propose a blockchain and Non-Fungible Token (NFT)-based solution that manages, certifies, and traces the origin, history, and ownership of UAVs and their manufacturing components. The solution ensures decentralization, transparency, audibility, and trustworthiness. We utilize composable NFTs, which capture and store UAV data in a hierarchical way, wherein parent NFTs represent the assembled UAV data, and child NFTs represent individual UAV parts. This approach enables system-wide traceability and facilitates smooth ownership exchanges. We further incorporate Digital Twin (DT) details into the NFT metadata to enhance the representation accuracy of the actual physical asset. In this paper, we present a detailed system architectural design of our solution, along with implementation, testing, and validation of relevant algorithms and smart contracts (SCs). We conduct cost evaluation and security analysis, and we also compare our solution with existing popular solutions in the literature review. The developed smart contracts code has been made publicly available on GitHub.

中文翻译：

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基于区块链和 NFT 的无人机零部件制造追溯和认证

近年来，无人机 (UAV) 的广泛采用显着增加，因此需要可靠的机制来验证其组成部件的真实性、起源和历史。然而，这些组件的可追溯性、证明和认证缺乏安全可靠的证据，这给确保透明度、数据完整性和真实性带来了令人震惊的挑战。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于区块链和不可替代代币（NFT）的解决方案，用于管理、认证和追踪无人机及其制造组件的起源、历史和所有权。该解决方案确保去中心化、透明度、可听性和可信度。我们利用可组合的 NFT，它以分层方式捕获和存储无人机数据，其中父 NFT 代表组装的无人机数据，子 NFT 代表单个无人机部件。这种方法可以实现系统范围内的可追溯性，并促进顺利的所有权交换。我们进一步将数字孪生（DT）详细信息融入到 NFT 元数据中，以提高实际物理资产的表示准确性。在本文中，我们提出了解决方案的详细系统架构设计，以及相关算法和智能合约（SC）的实现、测试和验证。我们进行成本评估和安全分析，并在文献综述中将我们的解决方案与现有流行的解决方案进行比较。开发的智能合约代码已在 GitHub 上公开发布。