Supramolecular vessels emerged as tools to mimic and better understand compartmentalisation, a central aspect of living matter. However, many more applications that go beyond those initial goals have been documented in recent years, including new sensory systems, artificial transmembrane transporters, catalysis, and targeted drug or gene delivery. Peptides, carbohydrates, nucleobases, and steroids bear great potential as building blocks for the construction of supramolecular vessels, possessing complexity that is still difficult to attain with synthetic methods – they are rich in functional groups and well-defined stereogenic centers, ready for noncovalent interactions and further functions. One of the options to tame the functional and dynamic complexity of natural building blocks is to place them at spatially designed positions using synthetic scaffolds. In this review, we summarise the historical and recent advances in the construction of molecular-sized vessels by the strategy that couples synthetic predictability and durability of various scaffolds (cyclodextrins, porphyrins, crown ethers, calix[n]arenes, resorcin[n]arenes, pillar[n]arenes, cyclotriveratrylenes, coordination frameworks and multivalent high-symmetry molecules) with functionality originating from natural building blocks to obtain nanocontainers, cages, capsules, cavitands, carcerands or coordination cages by covalent chemistry, self-assembly, or dynamic covalent chemistry with the ultimate goal to apply them in sensing, transport, or catalysis.

中文翻译：

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来自预组织天然构建块的分子血管

超分子血管作为模拟和更好地理解分隔（生命物质的一个核心方面）的工具而出现。然而，近年来，更多超出这些最初目标的应用被记录下来，包括新的感觉系统、人工跨膜转运蛋白、催化以及靶向药物或基因递送。肽、碳水化合物、核碱基和类固醇作为构建超分子血管的基础材料具有巨大的潜力，它们具有合成方法仍难以实现的复杂性——它们富含官能团和明确的立体中心，为非共价相互作用做好了准备以及其他功能。驯服天然构建块的功能和动态复杂性的选择之一是使用合成支架将它们放置在空间设计的位置。在这篇综述中，我们通过将各种支架（环糊精、卟啉、冠醚、杯[ n ]芳烃、间苯二酚[n]芳烃）的合成可预测性和耐久性结合起来的策略，总结了分子大小血管构建的历史和最新进展。 、柱[ n ]芳烃、环三藜三烯、配位框架和多价高对称性分子），具有源自天然结构单元的功能，通过共价化学、自组装或动态共价获得纳米容器、笼、胶囊、空配体、配位笼或配位笼化学的最终目标是将它们应用于传感、传输或催化。