The increasing number of vehicles on the road places high demands for autonomous driving in future intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). To realize automated services in ITSs, high-accuracy positioning is increasingly important, while positioning simultaneity for high-mobility vehicles should be guaranteed. Existing positioning systems have many constraints in locating vehicles in urban environments, making it difficult to meet the performance requirements. With the development of 6G, massive numbers of high-frequency base stations (BSs) are expected to be deployed to ensure connectivity and benefit positioning performance. However, high-frequency signals have severe distance attenuations and strong sensitivity to the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) environment that is prevalent in cities. Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), with its ability to control signal reflections and create beyond-LoS communications, is a promising technology to improve positioning performance in urban vehicular networks. In this article, we discuss the existing positioning systems and explain the potentials of IRS for future BS-enabled positioning systems. We also provide an example to illustrate how to optimize the performance of IRS-aided vehicle positioning systems. Furthermore, we highlight important issues and give future directions.

中文翻译：

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IRS 辅助的 6G 自动驾驶高精度定位：教程

道路上车辆数量的不断增加对未来智能交通系统（ITS）中的自动驾驶提出了很高的要求。为了实现智能交通系统的自动化服务，高精度定位变得越来越重要，同时要保证高机动性车辆的定位同时性。现有的定位系统在城市环境中定位车辆存在诸多限制，难以满足性能要求。随着6G的发展，预计将部署大量高频基站（BS）以保证连接并有利于定位性能。然而，高频信号具有严重的距离衰减，并且对城市中普遍存在的非视距（NLoS）环境具有很强的敏感性。智能反射面 (IRS) 具有控制信号反射和创建超视距通信的能力，是一项很有前景的技术，可提高城市车辆网络的定位性能。在本文中，我们讨论现有的定位系统，并解释 IRS 在未来支持 BS 的定位系统中的潜力。我们还提供了一个示例来说明如何优化 IRS 辅助的车辆定位系统的性能。此外，我们强调重要问题并给出未来方向。