Advancements in nanochemistry have led to the development of engineered gold nanostructures (GNSs) with remarkable potential for a variety of dental healthcare applications. These innovative nanomaterials offer unique properties and functionalities that can significantly improve dental diagnostics, treatment, and overall oral healthcare applications. This review provides an overview of the latest advancements in the design, synthesis, and application of GNSs for dental healthcare applications. Engineered GNSs have emerged as versatile tools, demonstrating immense potential across different aspects of dentistry, including enhanced imaging and diagnosis, prevention, bioactive coatings, and targeted treatment of oral diseases. Key highlights encompass the precise control over GNSs' size, crystal structure, shape, and surface functionalization, enabling their integration into sensing, imaging diagnostics, drug delivery systems, and regenerative therapies. GNSs, with their exceptional biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties, have demonstrated efficacy in combating dental caries, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and oral mucosal diseases. Additionally, they show great promise in the development of advanced sensing techniques for early diagnosis, such as nanobiosensor technology, while their role in targeted drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and immunomodulatory approaches has opened new avenues for oral cancer therapy. Challenges including long-term toxicity, biosafety, immune recognition, and personalized treatment are under rigorous investigation. As research at the intersection of nanotechnology and dentistry continues to thrive, this review highlights the transformative potential of engineered GNSs in revolutionizing dental healthcare, offering accurate, personalized, and minimally invasive solutions to address the oral health challenges of the modern era.

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金的纳米化学：从表面工程到牙科保健应用

纳米化学的进步促进了工程金纳米结构（GNS）的发展，在各种牙科保健应用中具有巨大的潜力。这些创新纳米材料具有独特的特性和功能，可以显着改善牙科诊断、治疗和整体口腔保健应用。本综述概述了用于牙科保健应用的 GNS 的设计、合成和应用的最新进展。工程化 GNS 已成为多功能工具，在牙科的不同方面展现出巨大的潜力，包括增强成像和诊断、预防、生物活性涂层和口腔疾病的靶向治疗。主要亮点包括精确控制 GNS 的尺寸、晶体结构、形状和表面功能化，使其能够集成到传感、成像诊断、药物输送系统和再生疗法中。GNS 具有卓越的生物相容性和抗菌特性，已证明在对抗龋齿、牙周炎、种植体周围炎和口腔粘膜疾病方面具有功效。此外，它们在开发用于早期诊断的先进传感技术（例如纳米生物传感器技术）方面显示出巨大的前景，而它们在靶向药物输送、光热疗法和免疫调节方法中的作用为口腔癌治疗开辟了新途径。包括长期毒性、生物安全性、免疫识别和个性化治疗在内的挑战正在接受严格的调查。随着纳米技术和牙科交叉领域的研究不断蓬勃发展，本次综述强调了工程 GNS 在彻底改变牙科医疗保健方面的变革潜力，提供准确、个性化和微创的解决方案来应对现代口腔健康挑战。