Historically, the widespread and unscientific application of chemical pesticides has posed serious threats to the ecosystem and human health. Hence, there is an urgent need for efficient alternative technologies for green pest management. In this context, the current study developed a nontoxic nano-pesticide and co-applied with natural predators with enhanced bioactivity toward insect pests, and co-applied the nano-pesticide and predator to propose an innovative pest control technique. The bio-toxicity of the star cationic polymer (SPc) for use in the nano-pesticide preparation was first evaluated with widely applied predatory stinkbug Arma custos. The SPc exhibited negligible toxicity to both the eggs and nymphs of the predators; however, its extremely high concentration led to nymph death, with a lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) value of 14.75 mg mL⁻¹ via oral feeding. This SPc at an extremely high concentration primarily induced a considerable stress response in the predator, which augmented the processes of phagocytosis, exocytosis, and energy synthesis and ultimately led to its death. Subsequently, we developed a self-assembled tetraniliprole (TTP)/SPc complex via hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, which disrupted the self-aggregated structure of TTP and reduced its particle size by nearly 10 fold. Impressively, the contact and stomach toxicity of SPc-loaded TTP were significantly improved against common cutworm Spodoptera litura, with corrected mortalities increasing by approximately 30%. Importantly, the predators displayed a strong predation selectivity for alive pests, while the application of the nano-pesticide did not show any negative influences on the predators. Thus, the co-application of the nano-pesticide and predatory stinkbug could achieve efficient pest control. In summary, a nontoxic nano-pesticide was successfully developed to be co-applied with a predator, which not only represents an innovative technology solution for green pest management but also would be beneficial for reducing the use of pesticides to minimize their adverse impacts on the environment.

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无毒纳米农药的构建及其与天敌的共同应用以实现完美的害虫协同治理：农药减量的创新策略

历史上，化学农药的广泛且不科学的使用对生态系统和人类健康造成了严重威胁。因此，迫切需要有效的绿色害虫治理替代技术。在此背景下，本研究开发了一种无毒的纳米农药，并与天敌共同施用，增强了对害虫的生物活性，并提出了一种创新的害虫防治技术。用于纳米农药制剂的星形阳离子聚合物（SPc）的生物毒性首先通过广泛应用的捕食性臭虫Arma custos进行了评估。 SPc 对捕食者的卵和若虫的毒性可以忽略不计；但其极高浓度会导致若虫死亡，经口摄食致死浓度50（LC ₅₀）值为14.75 mg mL ^-1 。这种浓度极高的 SPc 主要会在捕食者体内引起相当大的应激反应，从而增强吞噬作用、胞吐作用和能量合成过程，最终导致捕食者死亡。随后，我们通过氢键和范德华相互作用开发了自组装四苯甲酰胺（TTP）/SPc复合物，破坏了TTP的自聚集结构，并将其粒径减小了近10倍。令人印象深刻的是，负载 SPc 的 TTP 对斜纹夜蛾的接触毒性和胃毒性显着改善，校正死亡率增加约 30%。重要的是，捕食者对活害虫表现出很强的捕食选择性，而纳米农药的施用并没有对捕食者产生任何负面影响。因此，纳米农药与捕食性臭虫的联合应用可以实现有效的害虫防治。综上所述，成功开发了一种无毒纳米农药与捕食者协同施用，不仅代表了绿色害虫治理的创新技术解决方案，而且有利于减少农药的使用，最大限度地减少其对生态环境的不利影响。环境。