Multiculturalism (MC) and interculturalism (IC) as approaches to governing ethnic diversity have developed an often antagonistic relationship, borne out through scholarly as well as political debates. Yet, increasingly, scholars have begun to note that while IC-consistent policies have gained some prominence, they have done so alongside MC policies. This suggests the possibility of complementarity between the two, and prominent scholars on both sides have also begun to stress complementarity. What this might look like, however, has not yet been well researched or developed. Focusing on the UK context, an important site in which debates between MC and IC have played out, this article aims to address this point of complementarity. It does so through an analysis of documents and interviews from civil society organisations who work in areas of integration, diversity and anti-discrimination at national and local levels. The article identifies four models of complementarity and shows the divergent and contested ways in which theoretical aspects of competing normative positions are combined empirically. In this way, it develops an argument for the continued centrality of MC for policy in these areas.

中文翻译：

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差异与多样性：将多元文化主义和跨文化主义方法相结合以实现融合

多元文化主义（MC）和跨文化主义（IC）作为治理种族多样性的方法，已经形成了一种经常对立的关系，这一点在学术和政治辩论中得到了证明。然而，越来越多的学者开始注意到，虽然与 IC 一致的政策已经获得了一定的关注，但它们是与 MC 政策一起实现的。这表明两者存在互补的可能性，双方知名学者也开始强调互补性。然而，这可能是什么样子，尚未得到充分研究或开发。本文着眼于英国这一 MC 和 IC 之间争论的重要场所，旨在解决这一互补点。它通过对在国家和地方层面从事一体化、多样性和反歧视领域工作的民间社会组织的文件和访谈进行分析来实现这一目标。本文确定了四种互补性模型，并展示了将相互竞争的规范立场的理论方面结合起来的不同且有争议的方式。通过这种方式，它为 MC 在这些领域的政策中继续发挥中心地位提供了论据。