Smart manufacturing has been transforming toward industrial digitalization integrated with various advanced technologies. Metaverse has been evolving as a next-generation paradigm of a digital space extended and augmented by reality. In the metaverse, users are interconnected for various virtual activities. In consideration of advanced possibilities that may be brought by the metaverse, it is envisioned that industrial metaverse should be integrated into smart manufacturing to upgrade industry for more visible, intelligent and efficient production in the future. Therefore, a conceptual model, named IMverse Model, and novel characteristics of the industrial metaverse for smart manufacturing are proposed in this article. Besides, an industrial metaverse architecture, named IMverse Architecture, is proposed involving several key enabling technologies. Typical innovative applications of the industrial metaverse throughout the whole product life cycle for smart manufacturing are presented with insights. Nonetheless, in prospect of future, the industrial metaverse still faces limitations and is far from implementation. Thus, challenges and open issues of the industrial metaverse for smart manufacturing are discussed, then outlook is provided for further research and application.

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智能制造工业元宇宙：模型、架构和应用

智能制造正在向与各种先进技术相融合的工业数字化转型。元宇宙一直在发展成为由现实扩展和增强的数字空间的下一代范例。在元宇宙中，用户相互连接以进行各种虚拟活动。考虑到元宇宙可能带来的先进可能性，预计未来工业元宇宙应融入智能制造，实现工业升级，使生产更加可视化、智能化、高效化。因此，本文提出了一种名为 IMverse 模型的概念模型，以及智能制造工业元宇宙的新特征。此外，还提出了一种名为IMverse Architecture的工业元宇宙架构，涉及多项关键使能技术。深入洞察工业元宇宙在智能制造全产品生命周期的典型创新应用。但展望未来，工业虚拟宇宙仍面临局限性，距离落地还很遥远。因此，讨论了智能制造工业元宇宙的挑战和悬而未决的问题，并为进一步的研究和应用提供了展望。