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The radiative and dynamical impact of clouds in the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter WASP-43 b
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202347069 L. Teinturier , B. Charnay , A. Spiga , B. Bézard , J. Leconte , A. Mechineau , E. Ducrot , E. Millour , N. Clément
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202347069 L. Teinturier , B. Charnay , A. Spiga , B. Bézard , J. Leconte , A. Mechineau , E. Ducrot , E. Millour , N. Clément
Context. Hot Jupiters are tidally locked gaseous exoplanets that exhibit large day-night temperature contrasts. Their cooler nightsides are thought to host clouds, as has been suggested by numerous observations. However, the exact nature of these clouds, their spatial distribution, and their impact on atmospheric dynamics, thermal structure, and spectra is still unclear.Aims. We investigate the atmosphere of WASP-43 b, a short period hot Jupiter recently observed with James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), to understand the radiative and dynamical impact of clouds on the atmospheric circulation and thermal structure. We aim to understand the impact of different kinds of condensates potentially forming in WASP-43 b, with various sizes and atmospheric metallicities.Methods. We used a 3D global climate model (GCM) with a new temperature-dependent cloud model that includes radiative feedbacks coupled with hydrodynamical integrations to study the atmospheric properties of WASP-43 b. We produced observables from our GCM simulations and compared them to spectral phase curves from various observations to derive constraints on the atmospheric properties.Results. We show that clouds have a net warming effect, meaning that the greenhouse effect caused by clouds is stronger than the albedo cooling effect. We show that the radiative effect of clouds has various impacts on the dynamical and thermal structure of WASP-43 b. Depending on the type of condensates and their sizes, the radiative-dynamical feedback will modify the horizontal and vertical temperature gradient and reduce the wind speed. For super-solar metallicity atmospheres, fewer clouds form in the atmosphere, leading to a weaker feedback. Comparisons with spectral phase curves observed with HST, Spitzer, and JWST indicate that WASP-43 b's nightside is cloudy and rule out sub-micron Mg2SiO4 cloud particles as the main opacity source. Distinguishing between cloudy solarand cloudy super-solar-metallicity atmospheres is not straightforward, and further observations of both reflected light and thermal emission are needed.
中文翻译：
热木星 WASP-43 b 大气中云的辐射和动力学影响
语境。热木星是潮汐锁定的气态系外行星，昼夜温差较大。正如大量观测所表明的那样，它们较凉爽的夜晚被认为存在云。然而，这些云的确切性质、它们的空间分布以及它们对大气动力学、热结构和光谱的影响仍不清楚。目标。我们研究了最近用詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜 (JWST)观测到的短期热木星 WASP-43 b 的大气层，以了解云对大气环流和热结构的辐射和动力学影响。我们的目标是了解 WASP-43 b 中可能形成的不同类型的凝析油的影响，这些凝析油具有不同的尺寸和大气金属丰度。方法。我们使用 3D 全球气候模型 (GCM) 和新的温度相关云模型（包括辐射反馈和流体动力学积分）来研究 WASP-43 b 的大气特性。我们从 GCM 模拟中产生了观测值，并将它们与来自各种观测的光谱相位曲线进行比较，以得出对大气特性的约束。结果。我们证明云具有净变暖效应，这意味着云引起的温室效应比反照率冷却效应更强。我们表明云的辐射效应对 WASP-43 b 的动力和热结构有多种影响。根据凝结水的类型及其尺寸，辐射动力反馈将改变水平和垂直温度梯度并降低风速。对于超太阳金属丰度大气，大气中形成的云较少，导致反馈较弱。与 HST、Spitzer和 JWST 观测到的光谱相位曲线的比较表明，WASP-43 b 的夜面是多云的，排除了亚微米 Mg 2 SiO 4云颗粒作为主要不透明源的可能性。区分多云的太阳大气和多云的超太阳金属丰度大气并不简单，需要对反射光和热发射进行进一步观察。
更新日期：2024-03-22
中文翻译：
热木星 WASP-43 b 大气中云的辐射和动力学影响
语境。热木星是潮汐锁定的气态系外行星，昼夜温差较大。正如大量观测所表明的那样，它们较凉爽的夜晚被认为存在云。然而，这些云的确切性质、它们的空间分布以及它们对大气动力学、热结构和光谱的影响仍不清楚。目标。我们研究了最近用詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜 (JWST)观测到的短期热木星 WASP-43 b 的大气层，以了解云对大气环流和热结构的辐射和动力学影响。我们的目标是了解 WASP-43 b 中可能形成的不同类型的凝析油的影响，这些凝析油具有不同的尺寸和大气金属丰度。方法。我们使用 3D 全球气候模型 (GCM) 和新的温度相关云模型（包括辐射反馈和流体动力学积分）来研究 WASP-43 b 的大气特性。我们从 GCM 模拟中产生了观测值，并将它们与来自各种观测的光谱相位曲线进行比较，以得出对大气特性的约束。结果。我们证明云具有净变暖效应，这意味着云引起的温室效应比反照率冷却效应更强。我们表明云的辐射效应对 WASP-43 b 的动力和热结构有多种影响。根据凝结水的类型及其尺寸，辐射动力反馈将改变水平和垂直温度梯度并降低风速。对于超太阳金属丰度大气，大气中形成的云较少，导致反馈较弱。与 HST、Spitzer和 JWST 观测到的光谱相位曲线的比较表明，WASP-43 b 的夜面是多云的，排除了亚微米 Mg 2 SiO 4云颗粒作为主要不透明源的可能性。区分多云的太阳大气和多云的超太阳金属丰度大气并不简单，需要对反射光和热发射进行进一步观察。
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