Biodiversity can stabilize ecological communities through biological insurance, but climate and other environmental changes may disrupt this process via simultaneous ecosystem destabilization and biodiversity loss. While changes to diversity–stability relationships (DSRs) and the underlying mechanisms have been extensively explored in terrestrial plant communities, this topic remains largely unexplored in benthic marine ecosystems that comprise diverse assemblages of producers and consumers. By analyzing two decades of kelp forest biodiversity survey data, we discovered changes in diversity, stability, and their relationships at multiple scales (biological organizational levels, spatial scales, and functional groups) that were linked with the most severe marine heatwave ever documented in the North Pacific Ocean. Moreover, changes in the strength of DSRs during/after the heatwave were more apparent among functional groups than both biological organizational levels (population vs. ecosystem levels) and spatial scales (local vs. broad scales). Specifically, the strength of DSRs decreased for fishes, increased for mobile invertebrates and understory algae, and were unchanged for sessile invertebrates during/after the heatwave. Our findings suggest that biodiversity plays a key role in stabilizing marine ecosystems, but the resilience of DSRs to adverse climate impacts primarily depends on the functional identities of ecological communities.

中文翻译：

---

海洋热浪改变了海带森林生物多样性的稳定作用

生物多样性可以通过生物保险稳定生态群落，但气候和其他环境变化可能会同时发生生态系统不稳定和生物多样性丧失，从而破坏这一过程。虽然多样性-稳定性关系（DSR）的变化及其潜在机制已在陆地植物群落中得到广泛探索，但在由不同的生产者和消费者组合组成的底栖海洋生态系统中，这一主题仍然很大程度上未被探索。通过分析二十年的海带森林生物多样性调查数据，我们发现了多样性、稳定性及其在多个尺度（生物组织水平、空间尺度和功能群）上的关系的变化，这些变化与有史以来有记录的最严重的海洋热浪有关。北太平洋。此外，热浪期间/之后DSR强度的变化在功能组中比生物组织水平（人口与生态系统水平）和空间尺度（局部与广泛尺度）更为明显。具体而言，在热浪期间/之后，鱼类的 DSR 强度下降，移动无脊椎动物和林下藻类的 DSR 强度增加，而固着无脊椎动物的 DSR 强度保持不变。我们的研究结果表明，生物多样性在稳定海洋生态系统方面发挥着关键作用，但 DSR 对不利气候影响的恢复能力主要取决于生态群落的功能特性。