“Exceptions” refers to data obtained from a nontraditional context and/or data that emerge during data analysis that substantially deviate from other data present within a study. Both qualitative and quantitative research acknowledge exceptions; however, approaches for handling and discussing exceptions vary across these two perspectives and are rarely integrated. We provide a two-decade review of exception usages across 930 empirical articles in six leading management journals. Through our review, we identify two types of exceptions: planned and emergent. “Planned exceptions” describes unique data or phenomenon used to motivate a study design. “Emergent exceptions” describes nonconforming data that arise during data analysis. We review on-diagonal and off-diagonal patterns in exception uses across qualitative and quantitative research, pointing to varied ways that exceptions are used to further management theory. Based on insights gleaned from our review, we provide suggestions for researchers in handling exceptions across different phases of the research process: study design, data analysis, and findings presentation.

中文翻译：

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让例外成为例外：跨方法论回顾和未来研究议程

“例外”是指从非传统环境中获得的数据和/或数据分析过程中出现的数据，这些数据与研究中存在的其他数据有很大偏差。定性和定量研究都承认例外；然而，处理和讨论例外的方法在这两个角度上有所不同，并且很少被整合。我们对六种领先管理期刊中的 930 篇实证文章中的异常用法进行了二十年来的回顾。通过审查，我们确定了两种类型的例外情况：计划内的和紧急的。 “计划的例外”描述了用于激发研究设计的独特数据或现象。 “紧急异常”描述的是数据分析过程中出现的不合格数据。我们回顾了定性和定量研究中例外使用的对角线和非对角模式，指出了使用例外来进一步发展管理理论的各种方式。根据我们审查中收集到的见解，我们为研究人员在研究过程的不同阶段处理异常情况提供建议：研究设计、数据分析和结果呈现。