Background: The US life expectancy has been stagnating in recent decades, and along with this, the time trends of life span variation have shown stagnation and even increases with respect to historical levels. Objective: We aim to disentangle contributions from subnational levels (US regions) to national changes in life expectancy and life span variation in 2010–2019 and 2019–2020. Methods: A decomposition of the change in the national life expectancy and life disparity into the contribution of changing mortality and population structure among subnational regions is presented. The US Census regions are the Midwest, Northeast, South, and West. Results: From 2010 to 2019, the South substantially contributed to the life span variation increase due to increasing mortality contributions. The old-age survival improvements across all regions further contributed to increasing life span variation at the national level. Different population growth patterns across regions, especially at older ages, are a further source of change in national life span variation and life expectancy. From 2019 to 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in life span variation and a decrease in life expectancy across all regions were observed. Contribution: We present continuous-time decompositions for changes in life expectancy and life span variation. When decomposing subnational contributions to national changes, we also demonstrate the role of the composition effect through subnational–national growth differences. This paper quantifies and highlights the specific contributions of regions and age groups to the national mortality increase in the United States between 2010 and 2019, as well as between 2019 and 2020.

中文翻译：

---

地方对预期寿命和寿命变化变化的贡献：来自美国的证据（作者：Wen Su、Alyson van Raalte、Jose Manuel Aburto、Vladimir Canudas-Romo）

背景：美国的预期寿命近几十年来一直停滞不前，随之而来的是，寿命变化的时间趋势相对于历史水平也呈现停滞甚至上升的趋势。目标：我们的目标是理清地方各级（美国地区）对 2010-2019 年和 2019-2020 年国家预期寿命变化和寿命变化的贡献。方法：将全国预期寿命和寿命差距的变化分解为次国家地区死亡率和人口结构变化的贡献。美国人口普查地区包括中西部、东北部、南部和西部。结果：从 2010 年到 2019 年，由于死亡率增加，南方对寿命差异的增加做出了重大贡献。各地区老年人生存率的提高进一步导致国家层面寿命差异的扩大。各地区不同的人口增长模式，特别是老年人的增长模式，是全国寿命差异和预期寿命变化的进一步根源。 2019 年至 2020 年，在 COVID-19 大流行期间，所有地区的寿命差异均有所增加，预期寿命有所下降。贡献：我们提出了预期寿命变化和寿命变化的连续时间分解。在分解地方对国家变革的贡献时，我们还通过地方与国家之间的增长差异来论证构成效应的作用。本文量化并强调了2010年至2019年以及2019年至2020年期间各地区和年龄组对美国全国死亡率增加的具体贡献。