While power swing is a well-understood phenomenon in conventional power systems, the power swing characteristics of systems with inverter-based resources (IBRs) remain significantly under-theorized. This paper demonstrates that this knowledge gap carries practical ramifications, including the potential to undermine the stability and reliable protection of future grids, where swing dynamics can be heavily influenced by IBRs. The paper investigates power swing in systems with IBRs in two parts. Part I of the paper develops the necessary relations to devise a novel state-space model for systems with IBRs. This analytical model is necessary to (i) quantitatively identify the distinct characteristics of power swings in IBR-rich grids, and (ii) theoretically prove that these characteristics can be generalized. The paper highlights fundamental differences between this new model and the well-established model for power swings in systems that consist solely of synchronous machines (SMs). To reveal the features of power swing in systems with mixed generation types, the paper also systematically incorporates the dynamic equations of SMs into the developed model. The accuracy of the proposed model is evaluated against PSCAD/EMTDC simulation results for a benchmark test system that includes multiple IBR plants and their detailed control systems. Part II of the paper will build upon the findings from Part I to investigate the implications of the specific features of IBRs' power swing from the perspective of power system protection.

中文翻译：

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具有基于逆变器的资源的系统中的功率波动 - 第一部分：动态模型开发


虽然功率摆动是传统电力系统中众所周知的现象，但具有基于逆变器的资源 (IBR) 的系统的功率摆动特性仍然严重缺乏理论依据。本文表明，这种知识差距具有实际影响，包括有可能破坏未来电网的稳定性和可靠保护，而未来电网的摆动动态可能会受到 IBR 的严重影响。本文分两部分研究了具有 IBR 的系统中的功率摆动。本文的第一部分开发了为具有 IBR 的系统设计新颖的状态空间模型所需的关系。该分析模型对于（i）定量识别富含 IBR 的电网中功率波动的独特特征，以及（ii）从理论上证明这些特征可以推广是必要的。该论文强调了这种新模型与仅由同步电机 (SM) 组成的系统中成熟的功率波动模型之间的根本区别。为了揭示混合发电类型系统中的功率摆动特征，本文还将SM的动态方程系统地纳入所开发的模型中。所提出模型的准确性根据基准测试系统的 PSCAD/EMTDC 仿真结果进行评估，该基准测试系统包括多个 IBR 工厂及其详细控制系统。本文的第二部分将以第一部分的研究结果为基础，从电力系统保护的角度研究 IBR 电力摆动的具体特征的影响。