Developing solutions to sustainability challenges requires cooperation among various stakeholders, including organizations that compete at the same time. Prior studies investigate the barriers, drivers, outcomes and tensions of coopetition among sustainable entrepreneurs. In this paper, we consider the coopetition both among sustainable entrepreneurs and between sustainable entrepreneurs and incumbents. Based on interviews with 23 key stakeholders from the New Zealand alternative protein industry, our findings confirm that value alignment plays an important role in determining firms' openness to coopetition and misalignment can hinder coopetitive relationships. However, value misalignment can be mitigated in situations where sustainable entrepreneurs demonstrate high sustainability orientation, allowing for coopetition between sustainable entrepreneurs and incumbents. Finally, coopetition with incumbents enables sustainable entrepreneurs to support sustainable development. Overall, these findings suggest that coopetition is an important yet complex strategy for sustainable entrepreneurs. The findings provide several contributions to the literature regarding sustainable entrepreneurship and coopetition.

中文翻译：

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朋友和敌人：拥抱合作以实现新西兰替代蛋白行业的可持续发展

制定可持续发展挑战的解决方案需要各个利益相关者之间的合作，包括同时竞争的组织。先前的研究调查了可持续企业家之间合作的障碍、驱动因素、结果和紧张局势。在本文中，我们考虑了双方的合作之中可持续企业家和之间可持续发展的企业家和现任者。基于对新西兰替代蛋白行业 23 个主要利益相关者的采访，我们的研究结果证实，价值一致性在决定企业对合作的开放程度方面发挥着重要作用，而不一致会阻碍合作关系。然而，在可持续企业家表现出高度可持续发展导向的情况下，价值错位可以得到缓解，从而允许可持续企业家和现有企业之间进行合作。最后，与现有企业的合作使可持续企业家能够支持可持续发展。总体而言，这些研究结果表明，合作竞争对于可持续企业家来说是一项重要但复杂的策略。这些发现为有关可持续创业和合作的文献提供了一些贡献。