One of the key travel behavioural assumptions in the 15-min City concept is that if daily necessities are nearby, residents would be encouraged to use slower but more sustainable modes, such as walking, cycling and public transit to reach these destinations, thereby reducing car dependence. This research explores non-work car use associated with the 15-min City concept in the City of Toronto, Canada. We first calculate transportation accessibility, or what we refer to as access intensity, to five categories of daily necessities (food, commercial, health, recreation, and education establishments) using walking, cycling, public transit, and driving. Next, these results are analyzed using a set of minimum access criteria to particular amenities within the different destination types to determine a set of binary access or sufficiency scores. Spatial patterns of accessibilities by mode show expected pockets of high and low access. However, further analysis of non-work trip rates using travel survey data suggests that increases in 15-min accessibilities by walking, cycling, and transit are associated with decreases in the use of driving for 15-min trips. In particular, driving rates decrease as sufficient walking, cycling, and transit access improves with the largest decrease associated with sufficient walking access to all five categories of necessities. This work offers important implications for sustainable transportation and land use planning as it appears that residents do use alternative and more sustainable modes when they are associated with sufficient accessibility to all categories of destinations.

中文翻译：

---

出行行为和 15 分钟城市：多伦多的通行强度、充足性和非工作用车使用


15分钟城市概念中的关键出行行为假设之一是，如果日常必需品就在附近，将鼓励居民使用速度较慢但更可持续的方式，例如步行、骑自行车和公共交通来到达这些目的地，从而减少汽车出行依赖性。本研究探讨了加拿大多伦多市与 15 分钟城市概念相关的非工作用车使用情况。我们首先计算步行、骑自行车、公共交通和驾车五类生活必需品（食品、商业、健康、娱乐和教育机构）的交通可达性，或者我们所说的可达强度。接下来，使用一组对不同目的地类型内的特定便利设施的最低访问标准来分析这些结果，以确定一组二元访问或充分性分数。按模式划分的可访问性的空间模式显示了预期的高访问率和低访问率区域。然而，使用旅行调查数据对非工作出行率进行进一步分析表明，步行、骑自行车和公共交通 15 分钟可达性的增加与 15 分钟出行使用驾驶的减少相关。特别是，随着足够的步行、骑自行车和交通便利性的改善，驾驶率下降，其中与充分步行获取所有五类必需品相关的最大下降幅度。这项工作对可持续交通和土地利用规划具有重要意义，因为居民似乎在与所有类别的目的地有足够的可达性相关联时确实使用替代性和更可持续的模式。