Understanding public perceptions on how management can help adapt forests to climate change is fundamental to the design of socially-acceptable policies. A binary discrete choice experiment in Norway and Sweden was conducted to elicit public preferences for biodiversity-augmenting changes in three forest management attributes (set-aside, proportion of uneven-aged tree stands, and number and type of tree species) compared to typical conditions in family-owned production forests. Importantly, how self-constructed psychological (spatial, social, temporal and hypothetical) distances to climate change were associated with management preferences was investigated. Following integrated choice and latent variable modeling approaches to account for their latency, our econometric results show that closer psychological distances to climate change were associated with increased support for biodiversity-augmenting changes in management attributes from conditions of family-owned production forests. On average, the Norwegian public preferred larger set-asides and introducing one more broadleaved species, while the Swedish public favored changes in all attributes. The highest utility was derived from increasing set-aside areas from the (5%) to 10% and 20% in both countries with respective average WTP of about 10 to 11 EUR/month in Norway, and approximately 10 to 14 EUR/month in Sweden. Findings point to universal acceptability of increasing set-aside areas in both nations, and public approval for uneven-aged and mixed forest management in Sweden.

中文翻译：

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家庭拥有的生产林对气候变化的心理距离和公众对生物多样性增强属性的偏好

了解公众对管理如何帮助森林适应气候变化的看法对于设计社会可接受的政策至关重要。在挪威和瑞典进行了一项二元离散选择实验，以引出公众对与典型条件相比增强生物多样性的三个森林管理属性（预留量、不均匀树龄比例以及树种数量和类型）变化的偏好在家庭拥有的生产林中。重要的是，我们研究了自我构建的与气候变化的心理（空间、社会、时间和假设）距离如何与管理偏好相关。采用综合选择和潜在变量建模方法来解释其潜伏期，我们的计量经济学结果表明，与气候变化更接近的心理距离与增加对生物多样性的支持有关，从而增强了家庭拥有的生产森林条件下管理属性的变化。平均而言，挪威公众更喜欢更大的预留空间并引入更多的阔叶树种，而瑞典公众则倾向于改变所有属性。最高效用来自于两国将预留面积从 (5%) 增加到 10% 和 20%，挪威的平均支付意愿约为 10 至 11 欧元/月，挪威约为 10 至 14 欧元/月。瑞典。调查结果表明，两国普遍接受增加留地面积，并且公众认可瑞典的不均匀林龄和混合森林管理。