Groundwater is an essential resource that meets all of humanity’s daily water demands, supports industrial development, influences agricultural output, and maintains ecological equilibrium. The objective behind this research is to find groundwater prospective zones and their sustainable development in Henan Province, located in the North China Plain, with the help of analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and frequency ratio (FR) models. Consequently, a groundwater inventory map was created, utilizing 70% of the data for training and 30% for testing purposes. The resulting maps were overlaid with groundwater levels and the locations of wells within the study area. The performance and validation of the models were assessed using the Area Under Curve (AUC) curve, which indicated an accuracy of 70% for the AHP model and 69% for the FR model. The study indicates that areas with suitable gradients and rainfall patterns generally have high groundwater prospective zonation (GWPZ), i.e., Zhumadian and Nanyang (ZN). However, AHP demonstrated a higher predictive capability in comparison to FR the broader context. Whereas GIS-RS methodology aligns with existing wells and field data that validate it in range of good and excellent. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights for effective groundwater exploration and sustainable water supply planning in Henan Province.

地下水是满足人类日常用水需求、支持工业发展、影响农业产量、维持生态平衡的重要资源。本研究的目的是借助层次分析法（AHP）和频率比（FR）模型，寻找位于华北平原的河南省地下水远景区及其可持续发展。因此，创建了地下水库存图，其中 70% 的数据用于训练，30% 用于测试目的。由此产生的地图覆盖了研究区域内的地下水位和水井位置。使用曲线下面积 (AUC) 曲线评估模型的性能和验证，表明 AHP 模型的准确度为 70%，FR 模型的准确度为 69%。研究表明，梯度和降雨模式适宜的地区普遍具有较高的地下水远景分区（GWPZ），即驻马店和南阳（ZN）。然而，与 FR 相比，AHP 在更广泛的背景下表现出了更高的预测能力。而 GIS-RS 方法与现有油井和现场数据相一致，验证了其良好和优秀的范围。总之，本研究为河南省有效地下水勘探和可持续供水规划提供了宝贵的见解。