A riot-control water cannon is a large, supposedly nonlethal apparatus that uses pressurized water to control and disperse crowds. However, riot-control water cannons may cause personal injury if directly aimed at the human forehead, for example. Therefore, we systematically analyzed, via a numerical model, the spatio-temporal evolution of the equivalent pressure of a water cannon and its influence on the human body dynamic response, especially considering the head and neck body regions. The simulation results suggest that 10 m is a critically dangerous working distance because the impact of a water cannon can lead to skull, cervical vertebra and brain injuries. In addition, compared to side/back impacts, frontal impacts are much more dangerous due to a more extensive range of head movement. Oblique impact induces rotational movement on the human body, resulting in a significant risk of injury. A quantitative injury risk analysis is presented to provide safety guidance for water cannon usage.

中文翻译：

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防暴水枪能致命吗？

防暴水炮是一种大型的、据称是非致命性的装置，它使用加压水来控制和驱散人群。然而，例如，如果防暴水枪直接瞄准人的前额，则可能会造成人身伤害。因此，我们通过数值模型系统分析了水炮等效压力的时空演变及其对人体动态响应的影响，特别是考虑到头颈部身体区域。模拟结果表明，10 m 是一个极其危险的工作距离，因为水枪的冲击会导致颅骨、颈椎和脑损伤。此外，与侧面/背部碰撞相比，由于头部运动范围更广，正面碰撞更加危险。倾斜冲击会引起人体旋转运动，从而导致重大受伤风险。提出定量伤害风险分析，为水枪使用提供安全指导。