The analysis shows the impact of socioeconomic factors and civil freedom on allocating green areas for investments. The research was conducted for the period 1992–2020 using the example of Moscow as the metropolis in a country with a robust centralized political system. Quantitative research methods included recognizing changes in land use, selected socioeconomic parameters, and indicators measuring the power of civil society. Calculated correlations and modeling of the collected data were used to identify Russia's revenue for petroleum and Moscow's budget revenue as predictors for losing green areas. Among the social activity indicators, the Press Freedom indicator was the best correlated and used for modeling. The analysis of the decision-making procedure for land development and the reconstruction of the case Krylatskie Kholmy allowed gaining insight into actual mechanisms leading to investment in urban green areas. The outcomes that were reachedexpress that investing in bare soils is of the most significant importance; however, the dynamics of change decreased in the analyzed period. The modeling showed that growing Russia's revenue for petroleum increases the likelihood of greenfield investment. The legal nature-protection status brings the most significant effect of preventing land development. The likelihood of land development decreases with the growth of Moscow's budget revenue. It indicates the support for the redevelopment of abounded land located within the range of the existing infrastructure. The modeling of the dependence between the Press Freedom index and land development probability demonstrates the possible effectiveness of public opinion pressure to protect natural and semi-natural areas within the urban fabric. The described decision-making mechanism for land development made it possible to assess that the role of civil society in the decision-making process is insufficient, given the converging interests of investors and administration. The results show that in highly centralized countries with a marginal role of civil society, the concentration of capital from the export of strategic natural resources is the key factor of urban green losses. These findings contribute to understanding differences in urban spatial policy approaches to green areas and their effectiveness.

中文翻译：

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土地开发的社会经济和政治环境减少了城市绿化。从莫斯科看内部

分析显示了社会经济因素和公民自由对投资绿地分配的影响。这项研究是在 1992 年至 2020 年期间进行的，以莫斯科作为一个拥有强大的中央集权政治体系的国家的大都市为例。定量研究方法包括认识土地利用的变化、选定的社会经济参数以及衡量民间社会力量的指标。所收集数据的计算相关性和建模被用来确定俄罗斯的石油收入和莫斯科的预算收入，作为绿地面积损失的预测因素。在社会活动指标中，新闻自由指标的相关性最好，可用于建模。通过对土地开发决策程序的分析和 Krylatskie Kholmy 案例的重建，可以深入了解城市绿地投资的实际机制。所达到的结果表明，投资裸露土壤至关重要；然而，在分析期间，变化的动力有所减弱。模型显示，俄罗斯石油收入的增长增加了绿地投资的可能性。合法的自然保护地位带来的阻止土地开发的效果最为显着。土地开发的可能性随着莫斯科预算收入的增长而降低。它表明对现有基础设施范围内的大量土地的再开发的支持。新闻自由指数与土地开发概率之间的依赖关系模型表明，公众舆论压力对于保护城市结构内的自然和半自然区域可能有效。鉴于投资者和行政部门的利益趋同，上述土地开发决策机制可以评估民间社会在决策过程中的作用不足。结果表明，在公民社会边缘化的高度集权国家，战略自然资源出口的资本集中是城市绿化损失的关键因素。这些发现有助于理解城市绿地空间政策方法的差异及其有效性。