Low-frequency electronic noise in charge-density-wave van der Waals materials has been an important characteristic, providing information about the material quality, phase transitions, and collective current transport. However, the noise sources and mechanisms have not been completely understood, particularly for the materials with a non-fully gapped Fermi surface where the electrical current includes components from individual electrons and the sliding charge-density wave. We investigated noise in nanowires of quasi-one-dimensional NbSe3, focusing on a temperature range near the Pearls transition TP1 ∼ 145 K. The data analysis allowed us to separate the noise produced by the individual conduction electrons and the quantum condensate of the charge density waves before and after the onset of sliding. The noise as a function of temperature and electric bias reveals several intriguing peaks. We explained the observed features by the depinning threshold field, the creep and sliding of the charge density waves, and the possible existence of the hidden phases. It was found that the charge density wave condensate is particularly noisy at the moment of depinning. The noise of the collective current reduces with the increasing bias voltage in contrast to the noise of the individual electrons. Our results shed light on the behavior of the charge density wave quantum condensate and demonstrate the potential of noise spectroscopy for investigating the properties of low-dimensional quantum materials.

中文翻译：

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准一维 NbSe3 纳米线中电荷密度波的噪声——电子和量子凝聚体的贡献

电荷密度波范德华材料中的低频电子噪声一直是一个重要特征，提供有关材料质量、相变和集体电流传输的信息。然而，噪声源和机制尚未完全了解，特别是对于具有非完全带隙费米表面的材料，其中电流包括来自单个电子和滑动电荷密度波的分量。我们研究了准一维 NbSe3 纳米线中的噪声，重点关注珍珠跃迁 TP1 ∼ 145 K 附近的温度范围。数据分析使我们能够将单个传导电子和电荷密度的量子凝聚体产生的噪声分开滑动开始之前和之后的波浪。作为温度和电偏压函数的噪声揭示了几个有趣的峰值。我们通过脱钉阈值场、电荷密度波的蠕变和滑动以及隐藏相的可能存在来解释观察到的特征。研究发现，电荷密度波凝聚体在脱钉瞬间噪声特别大。与单个电子的噪声相比，集体电流的噪声随着偏置电压的增加而降低。我们的结果揭示了电荷密度波量子凝聚体的行为，并证明了噪声光谱在研究低维量子材料特性方面的潜力。