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Recruitment of a threatened foundation oyster species varies with large and small spatial scales
Ecological Applications ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 , DOI: 10.1002/eap.2968
Rick C. Leong 1 , Ana B. Bugnot 2, 3, 4 , Pauline M. Ross 2, 3 , Katherine R. Erickson 1, 2 , Mitchell C. Gibbs 2 , Ezequiel M. Marzinelli 2, 3, 5 , Wayne A. O'Connor 6 , Laura M. Parker 1 , Alistair G. B. Poore 1 , Elliot Scanes 2, 7 , Paul E. Gribben 1, 3
Affiliation  

Understanding how habitat attributes (e.g., patch area and sizes, connectivity) control recruitment and how this is modified by processes operating at larger spatial scales is fundamental to understanding population sustainability and developing successful long‐term restoration strategies for marine foundation species—including for globally threatened reef‐forming oysters. In two experiments, we assessed the recruitment and energy reserves of oyster recruits onto remnant reefs of the oyster Saccostrea glomerata in estuaries spanning 550 km of coastline in southeastern Australia. In the first experiment, we determined whether recruitment of oysters to settlement plates in three estuaries was correlated with reef attributes within patches (distances to patch edges and surface elevation), whole‐patch attributes (shape and size of patches), and landscape attributes (connectivity). We also determined whether environmental factors (e.g., sedimentation and water temperature) explained the differences among recruitment plates. We also tested whether differences in energy reserves of recruits could explain the differences between two of the estuaries (one high‐ and one low‐sedimentation estuary). In the second experiment, across six estuaries (three with nominally high and three with nominally low sedimentation rates), we tested the hypothesis that, at the estuary scale, recruitment and survival were negatively correlated to sedimentation. Overall, total oyster recruitment varied mostly at the scale of estuaries rather than with reef attributes and was negatively correlated with sedimentation. Percentage recruit survival was, however, similar among estuaries, although energy reserves and condition of recruits were lower at a high‐ compared to a low‐sediment estuary. Within each estuary, total oyster recruitment increased with patch area and decreased with increasing tidal height. Our results showed that differences among estuaries have the largest influence on oyster recruitment and recruit health and this may be explained by environmental processes operating at the same scale. While survival was high across all estuaries, growth and reproduction of oysters on remnant reefs may be affected by sublethal effects on the health of recruits in high‐sediment estuaries. Thus, restoration programs should consider lethal and sublethal effects of whole‐estuary environmental processes when selecting sites and include environmental mitigation actions to maximize recruitment success.

中文翻译:

受威胁基础牡蛎物种的招募随空间尺度的大小而变化

了解栖息地属性(例如,斑块面积和大小、连通性)如何控制补充以及如何通过在更大空间尺度上运行的过程对其进行修改,对于了解种群可持续性和为海洋基础物种(包括全球)制定成功的长期恢复策略至关重要受威胁的造礁牡蛎。在两个实验中,我们评估了牡蛎残余珊瑚礁上牡蛎新募集的补充和能量储备球囊藻位于澳大利亚东南部横跨 550 公里海岸线的河口。在第一个实验中,我们确定了三个河口的牡蛎向沉降板的补充是否与斑块内的珊瑚礁属性(到斑块边缘的距离和表面高程)、整个斑块属性(斑块的形状和大小)和景观属性(斑块的形状和大小)相关。连接性)。我们还确定了环境因素(例如沉积和水温)是否解释了招募板之间的差异。我们还测试了新兵能量储备的差异是否可以解释两个河口(一个高沉积河口和一个低沉积河口)之间的差异。在第二个实验中,在六个河口(三个河口名义上沉积速率较高,三个河口名义上沉积速率较低)中,我们测试了以下假设:在河口规模,补充和生存与沉积呈负相关。总体而言,牡蛎补充总量的变化主要取决于河口的规模,而不是珊瑚礁的属性,并且与沉积呈负相关。然而,尽管与低泥沙河口相比,高海拔地区新兵的能量储备和状况较低,但各河口的新兵存活率相似。在每个河口内,牡蛎补充总量随着斑块面积的增加而增加,并随着潮汐高度的增加而减少。我们的结果表明,河口之间的差异对牡蛎补充和补充健康影响最大,这可能是通过相同规模运行的环境过程来解释的。虽然所有河口的存活率都很高,但在高沉积物河口,残余珊瑚礁上牡蛎的生长和繁殖可能会受到对新成员健康的亚致命影响。因此,恢复计划在选择地点时应考虑整个河口环境过程的致命和亚致命影响,并包括环境缓解行动,以最大限度地提高恢复成功率。
更新日期:2024-04-02
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