Solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLBs) using inorganic solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have attracted extensive scientific and commercial interest owing to their potential to provide higher energy density and safety than conventional Li-ion batteries. These batteries are subject to external pressure during both their manufacturing processes (fabrication pressure) and their operation (stack pressure). This pressure not only affects the intrinsic properties of both the electrolytes (such as ionic conductivity and electrochemical voltage window) and the electrodes (such as ion transport and structural variation) but also determines the cyclability and safety of the whole battery. Hence, understanding the effect of pressure is essential when designing high-performance SSLBs. This Review aims to elucidate the coupling between external pressure and electrochemistry in these batteries. We summarize the effects of external pressure on SSEs and electrodes, and on the interfaces between the components. We analyse the overall electrochemical performance and safety of the batteries under external pressure. Finally, we clarify the dominant challenges in achieving pressure-proof and low-pressure SSLBs, laying out a perspective for future breakthroughs.

使用无机固态电解质（SSE）的固态锂金属电池（SSLB）因其比传统锂离子电池提供更高能量密度和安全性的潜力而吸引了广泛的科学和商业兴趣。这些电池在制造过程（制造压力）和操作（电池堆压力）过程中都会受到外部压力。这种压力不仅影响电解质（如离子电导率和电化学电压窗口）和电极（如离子传输和结构变化）的固有特性，而且决定整个电池的循环性能和安全性。因此，在设计高性能 SSLB 时，了解压力的影响至关重要。本综述旨在阐明这些电池中外部压力和电化学之间的耦合。我们总结了外部压力对 SSE 和电极以及组件之间界面的影响。我们分析了外部压力下电池的整体电化学性能和安全性。最后，我们阐明了实现耐压和低压 SSLB 的主要挑战，为未来的突破奠定了前景。