The residue remaining after oil extraction from grape seed contain abundant procyanidins. An ultrasonic-assisted enzyme method was performed to achieve a high extraction efficiency of procyanidins when the optimal extraction conditions were 8 U/g of cellulase, ultrasound power of 200 W, ultrasonic temperature of 50 ℃, and ultrasonic reaction time of 40 min. The effects of free procyanidins on both radical scavenging activity and thermal stability at 40, 60, and 80 ℃ of the procyanidins-loaded liposomal systems prepared by the ultrasonic-assisted method were discussed. The presence of procyanidins at concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.10 mg/mL was observed to be effective at inhibiting lipid oxidation by 15.15 % to 69.70 % in a linoleic acid model system during reaction for 168 h, as measured using the ferric thiocyanate method. The procyanidins-loaded liposomal systems prepared by the ultrasonic-assisted method were characterized by measuring the mean particle size and encapsulation efficiency. Moreover, the holographic plots showed that the effect–response points of procyanidins combined with α-tocopherol in liposomes were lower than the addition line and 95 % confidence interval limits. At the same time, there were significant differences between the theoretical IC value and the experimental IC value. The interaction index () of all combinations was observed to be less than 1. These results indicated that there was a synergistic antioxidant effect between procyanidins combined with α-tocopherol, which will show promising prospects in practical applications. In addition, particle size differentiation and morphology agglomeration were observed at different time points of antioxidant activity determination (0, 48, 96 h).

中文翻译：

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超声波辅助提取葡萄籽原花青素、脂质体制备及其抗氧化能力评价


葡萄籽榨油后的残渣中含有丰富的原花青素。采用超声辅助酶法提取原花青素，最佳提取条件为纤维素酶8 U/g、超声功率200 W、超声温度50 ℃、超声反应时间40 min，原花青素提取效率较高。讨论了游离原花青素对超声辅助法制备的原花青素脂质体体系的自由基清除活性和40、60、80 ℃热稳定性的影响。使用硫氰酸铁法测量，在亚油酸模型系统中，反应 168 小时期间，浓度范围为 0.02 至 0.10 mg/mL 的原花青素可有效抑制 15.15% 至 69.70% 的脂质氧化。通过测量平均粒径和包封率对超声辅助法制备的原花青素脂质体系统进行表征。此外，全息图显示原花青素与 α-生育酚在脂质体中结合的效应响应点低于添加线和 95% 置信区间限制。同时理论IC值与实验IC值存在显着差异。所有组合的相互作用指数()均小于1。这些结果表明原花青素与α-生育酚组合之间存在协同抗氧化作用，在实际应用中将显示出良好的前景。此外，在抗氧化活性测定的不同时间点（0、48、96h）观察到粒径分化和形态团聚。